Ionic Compounds

Ionic bonds form between

metals and nonmetals

ionic bonds form when electrons

transfer

monoatomic ions

single atom with a charge (+ or -)

cations are (+ or -)

positive

cations (gain/lose) electrons

lose

cations are (metals/nonmetals)

metals

anions are (+/-)

negative

anions (gain/lose) electrons

gain

anions are (metals/nonmetals)

nonmetals

have varying charges

transition metals

mixture of metals

alloy

binary compound

2 elements; metal and nonmetal

polyatomic ion

usual anion with more than one element; end in -ate or -ite

electrons found in the outer shell/highest energy level

valence electrons

How does an element achieve an octet?

has 8 valence electrons

Anions ______________ electrons to reach the octet

gain

Cations ______________ electrons to reach the octet

lose

What characteristics do ionic compounds have?

High melting point, high boiling point

Crystal lattice structure

Brittle, solid

Conduct electricity and heat in a molten or liquid state or aqueous (dissolved in water)

What is a metallic bond made up of?

Cations and delocalized electrons

How do metallic bonds work?

Cations are swarmed with delocalized electrons swimming around them

What are the properties of metals?

High melting point and boiling point

Malleable, durable, ductile, luster (SHINY)

What is this a picture of?

electron sea model

How does the electron sea model work?

cation don't move, valence electrons are swarming all over the place and not attached to a specific cation; allows for current to flow

How do you have a harder metal?

more delocalized electrons in the electron sea model

What is a chemical bond?

a force of attraction between two atoms

Are compounds neutral or charged?

neutral

Why do elements want to reach an octet?

stability

charge on group 1

+1

charge on group 2

+2

charge on group 13

+3

charge on group 3-12

varies - look at the back of the PT

charge on group 14

+/-4

charge on group 15

-3

charge on group 16

-2

charge on group 17

-1

charge on group 18

0

The number of electrons that a cation loses is (equal/less/more) than the number of electrons the anion gains?

equal

MgBr2 ratio of atoms

1 Mg: 2 Br

What is a formula unit?

chemical formula for any ionic compound

When do you use Roman Numerals?

for transition metals

binary anions ending changes to

-ide

If you have a polyatomic can you change the subscript on it to "reduce"

NO!!!!!, SO4 is SO4

How do you know if a polyatomic is present?

More than two capital letters (3 if it is a compound)

What groups can peroxides be made with?

groups 1 and 2

What is lattice energy?

the energy required to completely separate a mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions

How can you determine which compound has greater lattice energy?

size of the atom (smaller = stronger= greater lattice energy) or difference in charges (greater charge difference = stronger = greater lattice energy)

What is an electrolyte?

a liquid containing free-moving ions which conducts electricity

What kind of electrolytes can you have?

non, weak, and strong based on the substance present (ionic is strongest)

The hardness and strength of metals is based on the number of electrons the metal contributed to the sea - Do more or less electrons make it stronger?

more

What does it mean to be malleable?

The ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets, a property of metals.

What does it mean to be ductile?

the ability to be stretched into a wire