Chapter 24 the immune system vocab

active immunity

immunity develops when a person’s immune system produces antibodies in response to exposure to a diseased organism. Natural or vaccination and is long lasting

Antibody

protein made by plasma cells in response to an antigen. Recognize and bind to specific antigens to help destroy them

antigen

causes the body to produce a specific immune response and recognized as foreign by the immune system

acquired immunity 

not present at birth and develops as a persons immune system encounters foreign substances and learns to recognize them 

B cell

white blood cell that makes antibodies and can differentiate into plasma and memory cells

Basophil

defends the body from allergens, pathogens, and parasites. releases histamine and heparin

Bradykinin 

crucial role in inflammation and widens blood vessels contributing to swelling and pain with inflammation 

cell mediated immunity

involves several cells that attack an infection without antibodies

cytotoxic T cells

can kill foreign cells

dendritic cell 

boosts immune response by capturing antigens and considered antigen presenting cells 

eosinophil

produced in allergic reactions and parasitic infections to produce inflammatory responses

heparin

slows formation of blood clots

histamine 

small blood vessels to widen leading to swelling and smooth muscles to contract 

humoral immunity

responsible for the destruction of microorganisms in extracellular spaces (fluid)

immunogen

induces immune response

inflammation 

natural response to protect from harm

innate immunity

present at birth and includes the first line of defense

interleukin 

type of cytokine that plays a role in immunity and inflammation 

leukocyte

white blood cell that mediates immunity

lymph node

contain immune cells and function as a filter for foreign substances

macrophage 

ingest foreign material 

MHC proteins

molecules on surface of cells that display antigen fragments

MHC class I

found on all nucleated cells in the body and recognized by cytotoxic T cells

MHC class II 

found on antigen presenting cells and recognized by helper T cells 

memory cell

remembers specific antigen and allows for faster and more effective response

monocyte

circulates blood and can mature into a macrophage

Natural killer cell 

recognize and kill infected cells and tumor cells without prior exposure 

neutrophil

type of phagocyte and first responder to an infection site

passive immunity

acquired by receiving antibodies from another source

pathogen 

disease causing organism 

plasma cell

type of B cell that secretes antibodies

T cell

plays role in cell mediated immunity

T helper cell

secretes cytokines and helps activate other immune cells 

virus

pathogen that is infectious and replicates inside of other cells