poopy psych

Dreams

(SSRI- like antidepressants don't allow reputake, lets sit in synapse)

The production during sleep of story line sequences of image, sensations, and perceptions usually occurring in story-like form; it occurs mainly during rem sleep

Scientists have more questions than answers

People try to interpret dreams, not really valid

What we dream

Trauma (fragmented relationships, violence, )

Music (tunes or rhymes)

Violence

Seeing when blind

Outside world in dreams/super natural

Why do we dream?

Activation synthesis: random neural activity synthesization

Cognitive development: help out brain develop

Psychological function: develop/preserve neural pathways

Information processing (memory encoding): dreams help sift, sort, and fix/consolidate the days experiences in out memory sleep>studying

Little understanding

Sensation

The process by which we receive information from the environment to our brain

Perception

The interpretation of information from the environment so that we can identity its meaning

Like optical illusions

Transduction

Process of converting energy of a stimulus into neural activity (retina in eye- light waves become neural impulses in vision) (cochlea- wavelengths to neural impulses)

Stimulus energy (light, sound, small, taste, touch, etc.)

Sensory receptors (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin)

Neural impulses

Brain (visual, auditory, olfactory areas, etc)

Absolute threshold

The minimum amount of energy needed to produce sensation more than 50% of the time

Just noticeable difference “difference threshold”

The smallest amount of difference between two stimuli that can be consistently and accurately detected 50% of the time

Weber’s Law

The relationship between actual and perceived differences in stimulus intensity

Sensory adaptation

When sensory receptor cells are constantly stimulated, they undergo a loss of sensitivity to stimuli

Sensory interaction

The process by which our five senses work with and influence each other (smell and taste- plus nose when eating)

The Eye

Occipital lobe

Cornea- outer layer

Iris- color

Pupil- light goes inside

Lens- reflects the light

Retina- transduction

Optic nerve- moment in peripheral where you can no longer see anything (blind spot)

The Retina

Cones- deal with color (deal with color- Red, Green, and Blue)

Rods- Black and white movement based cells, adjust light and darkness

Ganglion- Support cells

More on schoolofy

2 explanations on why we see color- work together

Trichromatic theory

3 Cones with 3 different colors work together to see colors

Opponent-Process

Each color has an opposite that will appear as an after image after the color is taken away. We will process after that color is removed or taken away.

Red-green blue-yellow black-white → those are linked

The Auditory System

-Cochlea- transduction happens (soundwaves → signals)

-Outer, middle, and inner

-Semicular canals- vestibular sense, sense of balance

Sound localization

You are able to localize sounds because your ear functions properly

The ability to identify the position of sound sources based on acoustic information

2 kinds of hearing loss

Conduction deafness

Results from damage to the mechanical system that transit sound waves to the cochlea, most often the bones of the middle ear

Outer and Middle ear

Loud noises

Sensorineural Deafness

Results from damage to cochlea’s hair cells or the auditory nerve

It results in some sounds being heard more softly or not at all

Tend to be genetic/ cancer can cause

Hearing aids amplify sound- but you need to have some hearing