Mental Health Nursing Review (Condensed) - Theories, Interventions, Pharmacology, Communication, and Professional Standards

Flashcards covering Freud’s theories, defense mechanisms, therapies, pharmacology, neuroscience, nursing process, communication, stigma, safety, and professional standards.

Freud's personality components and their functions

Id = pleasure/instincts (drives behavior); Ego = mediator with reality-testing; Superego = conscience and ideals (moral standards)

What is the function of the Id in Freud's theory?

Pursues pleasure and satisfies basic instincts

What is the function of the Ego in Freud's theory?

Mediator that tests reality and plans rationally

What is the function of the Superego in Freud's theory?

Conscience and sense of perfection guiding moral behavior

Denial (defense mechanism)

Refusal to acknowledge or accept painful reality

Projection (defense mechanism)

Attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others

Regression (defense mechanism)

Returning to earlier, simpler behaviors during stress

Displacement (defense mechanism)

Transferring emotions from the original target to a safer substitute

Reaction formation (defense mechanism)

Replacing an undesirable impulse with its opposite

Undoing (defense mechanism)

Attempting to cancel out an unacceptable thought or act with a symbolic gesture

Transference/Countertransference (defense mechanism concept)

Patients' feelings toward the therapist (transference) and the therapist's emotional response (countertransference)

Behavioral Theory principle

Behavior can be retrained through rewards and conditioning

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principle

Thoughts influence behaviors; changing thinking changes behavior

Stress–Diathesis Model

Illness results from predisposition (diathesis) plus stress

Milieu Therapy

Safe, structured environment designed to facilitate behavior change

Mindfulness definition

Present-moment awareness that reduces stress, anxiety, and depression

MBSR (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction)

Program with meditation/workshops for chronic illness, stress, and caregiver burden

Guided Imagery

Focusing the mind on positive mental pictures to reduce pain and anxiety

Lithium therapeutic range

Therapeutic serum level typically 0.6–1.2 mEq/L

Lithium toxicity symptoms

Toxicity may cause GI upset, tremor, confusion, seizures, coma

Lithium at-risk populations

Increased risk for elderly, pregnancy, and kidney disease patients

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)

Dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia

MAOIs and foods to avoid

Avoid tyramine-containing foods (e.g., aged cheese, wine, cured meats) to prevent hypertensive crisis

Major antidepressant classes

SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs

Mood stabilizers listed

Lithium and valproate (valproic acid)

Antipsychotics examples

Haldol (haloperidol), Risperdal (risperidone), Seroquel (quetiapine)

Anti-anxiety medications

Benzodiazepines and buspirone

Stimulants example

Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts)

Pharmacokinetics vs pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to a drug; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion. Pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body (mechanism of action, effects).

Neurotransmitters and basic roles: Serotonin

Mood, sleep, and calming effects

Neurotransmitters and basic roles: Dopamine

Reward, movement, motivation

Neurotransmitters and basic roles: Norepinephrine

Focus, attention, and response to stress

Neurotransmitters and basic roles: GABA

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter; promotes relaxation

Neurotransmitters and basic roles: Glutamate

Primary excitatory transmitter involved in learning and memory

Thyroid disorders and mental health

Thyroid dysfunction can contribute to depression and anxiety

Cortisol and mental health

Elevated cortisol linked to depression and PTSD; stress response

Reproductive hormones and mood

Fluctuations can cause mood swings and postpartum depression

ANA Nursing Process steps

Assess, Diagnose, Outcomes, Plan, Implement, Evaluate

CJMM decision model

Recognize cues, Analyze, Prioritize, Plan, Act, Evaluate

Peplau’s relationship phases

Orientation, Identification, Working, Termination

Therapeutic vs Social communication

Therapeutic is goal-focused with boundaries; social is casual and mutual

Common communication barriers

Giving advice, minimizing, changing subject, asking “why” questions, judgmental attitude

Active listening components

Attending to words, emotions, and nonverbal cues

Proxemics (Edward Hall) distance categories

Intimate (0–18 inches), Personal (18 inches–4 feet), Social (4–12 feet), Public (12+ feet)

Sender–Receiver Cycle

Sender encodes a message; channel carries it; receiver decodes it and provides feedback

Stigma types

Public stigma, Self-stigma, Label avoidance, Structural stigma

Stigma roles

Stigmatizers (negative beliefs), Stigmatized (those with mental illness), De-stigmatizers (educators/supporters)

C-SSRS

Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale screens for suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Mental Status Exam (MSE) components

Appearance, Speech, Mood, Thought, Perception, Cognition, Insight/Judgment

OSHA relevance to nursing

OSHA sets workplace safety standards and practices for nurses

JoHari Window model

Open, Blind Spot, Hidden, Unknown areas of self-awareness

QSEN competencies

Patient-centered care, teamwork, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, informatics

NLN

National League for Nursing; sets nursing education standards