OA, RA, OP

What should you avoid with osteoporosis?

High-impact activities and bending/twisting motions.

Most serious fracture in osteoporosis?

Hip fracture (↑ mortality risk).

what Lifestyle changes would you make for osteoporosis ?

Stop smoking, limit alcohol, exercise regularly.

Vitamin D role in osteoporosis?

Helps calcium absorption.

Recommended calcium intake in osteoporosis

~1000-1200 mg/day.

What type of exercise is recommended is osteoporosis

Weight-bearing exercise.

What medication slows bone breakdown by mimicking estrogen?

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).

What supplements are commonly used with osteoporosis

Calcium and Vitamin D.

Key teaching for bisphosphonates?

Take on empty stomach with water and stay upright 30 minutes.

What does a T-score ≤ -2.5 indicate?

Osteoporosis.

Common fracture sites in OP?

Hip, vertebrae, wrist.

What spinal changes may occur in OP?

Kyphosis (hunched back) and loss of height.

What is often the first sign of osteoporosis?

Fracture (hip, spine, wrist).

Which cells build bone?

Osteoblasts.

Which cells break down bone in OA

Osteoclasts.

What is the main imbalance in osteoporosis?

Bone resorption > bone formation.

List non-modifiable risk factors with OA

Age, female gender, genetics, small body frame.

List modifiable risk factors. with OA

Smoking, alcohol use, low calcium intake, sedentary lifestyle.

What gender is most at risk with OA?

Females (especially postmenopausal).

What happens to bones in osteoporosis?

Bones become porous, weak, and brittle.

Why is osteoporosis called a "silent disease"?

It has no symptoms until a fracture occurs.

A disease characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.

What is osteoporosis?

What is the primary cause of osteoarthritis?

Degenerative breakdown of cartilage due to wear and tear.

Is osteoarthritis an inflammatory or non-inflammatory condition?

Non-inflammatory (degenerative).

What are the key modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis?

Obesity, joint overuse, and injury.

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis?

Age, genetics, and female gender.

What are osteophytes?

Bone spurs that form at joint margins due to cartilage breakdown.

How does osteoarthritis pain typically respond to activity and rest?

Worsens with activity and improves with rest.

What is the typical duration of morning stiffness in osteoarthritis?

Less than 30 minutes.

What are Heberden's nodes?

Bony enlargements of the distal finger joints.

What are Bouchard's nodes?

Bony enlargements of the proximal finger joints.

What imaging is used to confirm osteoarthritis?

X-ray, which shows joint space narrowing and osteophytes.

What are the first-line medications for osteoarthritis?

NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen).

What is the recommended type of exercise for osteoarthritis patients?

Low-impact exercise, such as walking or swimming.

When should heat versus cold be used for osteoarthritis?

Heat for stiffness; cold for inflammation.

What is the fundamental difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

Osteoarthritis is degenerative/mechanical, while rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune.

What is the primary pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?

Chronic systemic autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the synovial membrane.

How does rheumatoid arthritis stiffness compare to osteoarthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis stiffness typically lasts longer than 30 minutes in the morning.

Are joint symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis usually symmetrical or asymmetrical?

Symmetrical.

How does rheumatoid arthritis pain respond to activity?

Often improves with activity, unlike osteoarthritis which worsens.

What systemic symptoms are common in rheumatoid arthritis but not osteoarthritis?

Fatigue, fever, and weight loss.

What lab markers are typically elevated in rheumatoid arthritis?

ESR, CRP, and Rheumatoid Factor (RF).

What is the priority goal for both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis management?

Pain management and maintaining joint mobility.

What is the primary nature of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A chronic autoimmune and systemic inflammatory disorder.

What specific joint structure does RA primarily attack?

The synovial membrane.

What is pannus in the context of RA?

Abnormal tissue that destroys cartilage and bone.

How is joint involvement typically distributed in RA?

Symmetrical.

What is the characteristic duration of morning stiffness in RA?

Greater than 1 hour.

How does movement affect pain in RA patients?

It improves with mild activity.

What are systemic symptoms often associated with RA?

Fatigue, fever, and weight loss.

What is ulnar deviation?

A joint deformity where fingers drift toward the little finger side.

What are rheumatoid nodules?

Firm lumps under the skin near joints.

Which lab markers are used to diagnose RA?

Rheumatoid factor (RF), ESR, and CRP.

What are the first-line medications to slow RA progression?

DMARDs, such as Methotrexate.

What is the nursing priority for a patient with RA?

Reduce inflammation and prevent joint damage.

What is the recommended activity level during an RA flare-up?

Rest the affected joints.

What is the recommended activity level during RA remission?

Encourage exercise to maintain mobility.

When should heat therapy be used for RA?

To manage stiffness.

When should cold therapy be used for RA?

For acute inflammation.

What is the fundamental difference between RA and Osteoarthritis (OA)?

RA is an autoimmune and systemic disease, whereas OA is primarily degenerative.

How does morning stiffness duration compare between RA and OA?

RA lasts >1 hour, while OA lasts <30 minutes.

What is the primary cause of Osteoarthritis (OA)?

Wear and tear (degeneration) of joint cartilage.

What is the primary characteristic of Osteoporosis?

Decreased bone density and mass, leading to fragile bones.

How does the joint involvement pattern differ between RA and OA?

RA is typically symmetrical; OA is often asymmetrical or localized.