topic 2 che

Brownian Motion

Random movement of particles in a fluid due to collisions with other particles.

Ammonia (test)

Turns damp red litmus paper blue.

Carbon Dioxide (test)

Turns limewater cloudy.

Chlorine (test)

Bleaches damp litmus paper.

Hydrogen (test)

Produces a squeaky pop with a lighted splint.

Oxygen (test)

Relights a glowing splint.

Sulfur Dioxide (test)

Decolorizes aqueous potassium manganate(VII).

Water vapor (test)

Turns anhydrous cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink.

Elements

Pure substances consisting of only one type of atom.

Mixtures

Combinations of two or more substances that are physically combined but not chemically bonded.

Compounds

Substances formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.

Solvent

A substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.

Distillation

A method of separating liquids with different boiling points.

Fractional Distillation

A method of separating a mixture of liquids with close boiling points.

Crystallization

A method of purification where a solid is dissolved in a hot solvent and then cooled to form crystals.

Chromatography

A technique used to separate and analyze complex mixtures based on their physical and chemical properties.

Rf value

The ratio of the distance traveled by the solute to the distance traveled by the solvent in chromatography.

Insoluble

A substance that cannot be dissolved in a particular solvent.

Miscible

Liquids that dissolve in each other.

Immiscible

Liquids that do not dissolve in each other.

Evaporation

Separation technique where a solvent is turned to vapor leaving the solute behind

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent.

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Alloy

A mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a nonmetal.