Hazardous Exam 1

The major concerns with hazardous materials is the involvement in a ________, ________/toxicity, or in a ________.

fire, ingestion, spill

Wet chemicals like (KOAc) are used for Class K fires because they turn the grease into _______ (saponification)

soap

Flammability by state is ________ > ________ > _____.

gas, liquid, solid

1 lb = ________ g

1 qt = _______ mL

454, 946

Density defines the ____________ of an object.

compactness

Specific gravity = density/d(________)

water

Immiscible liquids with d > 1 will ________.

sink

Vapor density = d(gas)/d(_____)

air

Gases with vd > 1 will ____.

sink

Kelvin and Rankin are ________ scales.

absolute

Pressure = ________/area

force

A psig = 0 does not mean the container is ________.

empty

Normal boiling occurs when the VP = _(___)

P(atm)

BP _______ as external pressure increases.

increases

Kinetic energy is due to ________ motion.

molecular

Black body radiation is the EM energy that is emitted by an object due to ________. The higher the temp, the longer the ____________.

temperature, wavelength

Class 1 - _________

Explosives

Class 2 - ____________ _______

compressed gases

Class 3 - ____________ _______ (based on ___ and ___)

Flammable liquids, bp, fp

Class 4 - ____________ _______ (based on ______ test and _____ reaction)

flammable solids, flame, water

Class 5 - ____________ (_______ or reaction compared to ________/oxidizer mixture)

oxidizer, pressure, cellulose

Class 6 - __________/_______ (based on _____)

poison/toxic, ld50

Class 7 - ____________ (based on _________ _____________)

radioactive, surface activity

Class 8 - ____________ (based on _____ or ________ reactivity)

corrosive, skin, steel

Class 9 - ____________

miscellaneous

Types of thermal energy transport:

• conduction: the transfer through ____ ______ between objects. (ex. touching a stove)

• convention: the transfer through a ________. (ex. fireplace)

• radiation: ___ electromagnetic waves emitted by warm objects.

  • flashover

direct contact, medium, IR

First Aid - Burns

• first degree: red skin (______)

• second degree: outer layer is damaged

• third degree: skin is charred and requires skin grafts

2nd and 3rd first aid: flush with ___ _____ for at least 10-15 mins.

ice, cool water

__________ _________ is when solids/liquids/gases expand when heated due to increased molecular motion.

thermal expansion

BLEVE - boiling liquid __________ __________ explosion

expanding vapor

Types of chemical reactions:

1. ________

2. ____________

3. ________ replacement

4. ________ replacement

synthesis, decomposition, single, double

Factors affecting the rate of reaction:

• ______________

  • rate doubles for each 10 C

• _______ of the reactants

  • the larger the surface area —> the faster the reaction

• state of __________

  • gas > liquid » solid

• concentration of _________

  • rate increases with []

• _____________ energy (Ea)

temperature, subdivision, aggregation, reactants, activation

RCRA characteristics of reactivity

1. undergoes a _________ change without _____________.

2. reacts violently with __________

3. forms explosive mixtures with ________

4. is capable of detonating at _____________ temperature and pressure.

5. is capable of detonating by a catalyst or _______.

violent, detonating, water, water, regular, heat

Statues involving Household Products

• CPSC - Federal Hazardous Substance Act —> _________ household products

• FDA - Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act —> prohibits __________

• EPA - Insecticide, Fungicide, & Rodenticide Act —> regulates __________

• EPA - Toxic Substance Act —> regulates current and new __________

labeling, carcinogens, pesticides, chemicals

Federal Statues Involving Pollutants and Wastes

• EPA - Clean Air Act —> established national ______ quality standards. (SO2, CO, O3, NOx, Pb)

• EPA - Federal Water Pollution Control Act —> established national ________ quality standards

  • established the ________ ___________ Center (Coast Guard).

    • sole federal point of contact for reporting ___-___ _______.

  EPA - Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA) —> regulates ______________ _______.

• EPA - Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability

  • legislation for the ________ of hazardous waste sites. (paid for by the manufacturers)

• EPA - Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act (SARA) (Love Canal)

  • establishes programs for __________ and __________.

air, water, national response, haz-mat spills, hazardous waste, cleanup, training, education

Federal Statues Involving the Workplace

• ________ (1970)

  • Warning Labels, and ___s

OSHA, SDS

Federal Statues Involving Transportation

• DOT —> Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (1970)

  • regulates __________ ________

chemical shipping

Four US authorities that have jurisdiction over labeling:

1. ___

2. ___

3. ____

4. ____

DOT, EPA, OSHA, CPCS

Federal Statues involving Communities

• EPA - ______-____-______ Act (1986) —> established ___________ _________ _________ __________ (LEPC)

right-to-know, local emergency planning committee

EPA - National Environmental Policy Act (1969) —> requires ______________ ______ _____________ (EIS)

• big projects need to petition the government by sending in a statement

Title I: EIS

Title II: provides rules for federal agencies

Title III: provides advice for the EPA/Senate.

environmental impact statements

CHEMTREC (______________ ___________ _________ ______) - 24/7 help with emergencies and contracts

chemical transportation emergency center

CFR Titles

Title 21: ________ and ______ (schedule I & II)

Title 29: ____ (OSHA)

Title 37: ________, _______, and ____________

Title 40: Protection of ____________ (EPA)

Title 44: Emergency _____________ and ________ (RTK/LEPC)

Title 49: ____________ (DOT/HAZMAT)

food, drug, labor, patents, trademarks, copyrights, environment, management, assistance, Transportation

49 CFR

• Part 172: ____________ ________ ______

• Part 173: Hazardous ______ Definitions

hazardous materials table, class

29 CFR

• Part _____/______ - safety and health regulations.

1910, 1926

40 CFR

• Part 261 - List of ____________ ________

• Part 262 - classification of waste generators (_ levels: amount of waste per year)

hazardous wastes, 4

704 Hazard System Symbols

• OX: __________

• W: reacts __________ with water

• COR: __________

• ☢: __________

• SA: simple __________ ____

• ACD: __________

• ALK: __________

• P: __________ __________________ (hot monomers)

oxidizer, violently, corrosive, radioactive, asphyxiant gas, acidic, alkaline, exothermic autopolymerization

HSSQ Rating: dangerous when it is greater or equal to ___.

15

the official ___________ ______ is listed in the Hazardous Materials Table (49 CFR)

shipping name

shipping papers fall into _______ hazardous classes (_>__>___)

three

__ CFR ___.___ requires carriers to obtain Hazardous Materials Safety Permits for interstate/intrastate commerce.

49, 385.400

Class 7 is categorized by SA which is _________ (mSv).

7.1: SA < ________ mSv

7.2: SA < ________ mSv < (7.3)

millisieverts, 0.005, 0.5

Class 8 includes acids/bases with pH≤ _ or pH ≥ ___

2, 12.5

Class 9 includes ____ ____ and _______ ___________.

dry ice, marine pollutants

Companies must report releases of hazardous substance to the ___________ _____________ ____________ if:

1. amount is above ________ quantity

2. release involves ________ or _________________

3. damage exceeds $___________

4. accident involves ____________ material

5. release of _________ pollutant above threshold quantity.

national response center, threshold, death, injury, 50000, radioactive, marine

Fire Classification

• Class A: ordinary _______ materials (embers/coals)

  • extinguish with: ___________

• Class B: ____________ liquids and gases

  • _______ (vroom), _________ (ABC Store), methane

  • extinguish with: ____, dry chemicals

• Class C: combustion due to live __________ ________

  • extinguish with: ____, dry chemicals

cellulose, water, flammable, gasoline, alcohol, co2, electrical circuits, co2

Fire Classification

• Class D: combustion of certain _______

  • __, Mg, Zr, __

  • extinguish with: graphite, _____

• Class E: “__________” media

  • _________ and animal oils/fats

  • extinguish with: wet chemicals (water + KOAc)

metals, Ti, Na, NaCl, kitchen, vegetable

Carbon Combustion

• complete combustion produces mainly carbon _______

• incomplete combustion produces mainly carbon ____________.

• Soot is unburnt fine ___________ particles

dioxide, monoxide, carbon

The Fire Tetrahedron includes ____ + ________ + Heat + ______ ____________.

fuel, oxidizer, free radicals

Fire Extinguishers

• water extracts ______

• foam extracts ______ ______ and O2

• CO2 extracts O2 and ______

• Halons (CFCs) remove ______ ________

• Dry chemicals/powders remove ______ and ______ ________

• Wet Chemicals remove ______.

heat, free radicals, heat, free radicals, heat, free radicals, air

Flammability: for liquids and solids, the amount of vapors depends on ____________ and ______ pressure.

temperature, vapor

The ______ the flammability range (UEL-LEL) the more dangerous the material.

larger

Flash Point is the ____________ temperature of a liquid that produces sufficient vapors for ignition. The Fire Point is usually ______ than the FP.

minimum, higher

Class ____

• __, acetylene, ___

2.1, H2, CH4

Class ___

• ___, He, __

2.2, CO2, O2

Class ___

• ___, phosphine, __

2.3, HCN, F2

Responding to Disaster (compressed gases) (must know):

1. contents/size of ___

2. _________ of contents

3. overall _______ of gas

4. availability of ________

5. Population _________

6. _________ conditions

7. contents support ____________ (fire) or are ______ (vial of murder)

leak, hazard, volume, water, density, weather, combustion, toxic

Responding to Disaster (general response) (compressed gases):

• no fire: _______ the leak

• near a fire: _________ the tank and keep _____

• In/On Fire: __________

control, remove, cool, evacuate

Cryogenic Liquid - ___________ at reduced temperatures (BP < _______ F)

• examples: He, N2

• need _______ _______ valves

• _________: double-walled vessel under vacuum

• hazard: high ___________ rate, tissue damage

• First Aid: flush with tepid ________.

liquefied, -130, pressure relief, dewar, expansion, water

Class __-_

• FP < ______ F

IA-C, 100

Class __ and ___-_

• FP ≥ _____ F

II, IIIA-B, 100

For Class 3I, the liquids should be dispersed from ________________ ___________ containers.

electrically grounded

Transporting Flammable Liquids (DOT regulations)

• pressurized or non —> prevents _________

• shielded or non —> prevents ______________

• single or double walled —> prevents __________

boiling, overheating, punctures

Class __ - Flammable Solid

4.1

Class ___ - Spontaneously Combustible

4.2

Class ___ - Dangerous When Wet

4.3

Class 5.1 - __________

oxidizer

Class 5.2 - ____________ ___________

Organic Peroxide

Class ___ - Poisonous Material

6.1

Class ___ - infectious material

6.2

Radioactive Class has ________ sections.

three