AP HG Vocab U2

Ecumene

The proportion of the earth inhabited by humans

arithmetic density

total number of people divided by total land area

physiological density

total population divided by arable land area

agricultural density

total number of farmers divided by arable land

carrying capacity

the largest population that an environment can support at any given time

crude birth rate (CBR)

annual number of births per 1000 people

crude death rate (CDR)

the number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population.

natural increase rate

the growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate

total fertility rate (TFR)

average number of children a woman is expected to have in her child bearing years (15-49)

population pyramid

Diagram showing the breakdown of population by age and gender

sex ratio

the ratio of males to females in a population

demographic transition

change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

epidemiological transition model

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Pandemic

An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide.

infant mortality rate (IMR)

annual number of children that die before their first birthday

life expectancy

the average length of time that an individual is expected to live

dependency ratio

The number of people who are too young or too old to work

Pro-natalist

when a country's government wants their citizens to have children

Anti-natalist

laws or mindset of a country that seeks to limit or discourage women giving birth

Emigration

Movement of individuals out of an area

Immigration

Migration to a new location

forced migration

When people don't have a choice and have to move

voluntary migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

net migration

The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants

migration transition

Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes

push/pull factors

Factors that induce people to leave old residence and move to new locations.

Refugee

person who flees to another country to escape persecution or disaster

internally displaced person

someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders

asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

intervening obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

intervening opportunities

A good opportunity found closer than another similar opportunity

Remittance

Transfers of money/goods by foreign workers to their home countries.

chain migration

the process by which immigrants follow other immigrants to a particular city/neighborhood

brain drain

the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries