Bones of the Lower Limb

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

Ossa (os) coxae and sacrum

what bone makes up the thigh region?

femur

flat bone that slides on top of the femur and tibia

patella

weight-bearing, large bone in lower leg

tibia

non weight-bearing, smaller bone in lower leg

fibula

where are the tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

ankle and foot regioin

is the sacrum in the axial or appendicular skeleton

axial

are the os coxae in the axial or appendicular skeleton

appendicular

what kind of joint is the pubic symphysis

fibrocartilage joint

what three bones make up the pelvis

sacrum and os coxa (2)

what is the obturator foramen

the hole in the os coxa

what joint joins the os coxa and the sacrum

sacroiliac joint

what bone makes up the top of the os coxa

ilium

what are the two little points on the anterior side of the pubic symphisis (the joint that joins the two os coxa)

pubic tubercles

what do you keep hitting on countertops

anterior superior iliac spine

what distinguishes the false pelvis from the true pelvis

the plane of the pelvic brim.

what is the little tail part of the sacrum called

coxxyx

what are the holes in the sacrum called

foramen

plural of foramen

foramina

where is the median sacral crest

in the middle of the sacrum in the posterior view

where is the auricular surface

on the lateral sides of the sacrum in the posterior view

why is the auricular surface named as such

because it looks like an ear

where is the sacral hiatus

at the bottom of the opening in the sacrum.

what ligament connects the os coxa to the sacrum via the ischial spine

the sacrospinous ligament

the ischial tuberosity connects the os coxa to the sacrum via the

sacrotuberous ligament

what connects the head of the femur to the shaft

the neck of the femur

what is the other bump on the proximal side of the femur (other than head)

greater trochanter

what is the long part of the femur called

the shaft

what is the smallest bump on the proximal side of the femur called

the lesser trochanter

where is the patellar surface

on the distal side of the femur

what are epicondyles

the bumpy parts of the femur on the distal side

the two ridges in between the epicondyles

the intercondylar fossa

in the posterior view, what is between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter

the intertrochanteric crest

what kind of a joint is the patella

sesamoid

what tendon connects the quads to the tibia

quadricep tendon

where are the condyles

the proximal dis of the tibia

what is the pointy side of the fibula called

lateral malleolus

what joint connects the tibia and the fibula

the tibiofibular joint

what three bones are in between the toe bones and the foot bones

the cuneiforms.

what bone is in between the cuneiforms and the talus

the navicular.

what group of bones are the toe bones

phalanges

what group of bones are right after the toe bones

the metatarsals

what group of bones are shaped like circles and cubes in the foot. includes cuneiforms, the navicular and talue

tarsals

at the knee, the femur articulates with the _________

tibia

what kind of joint is the knee joint

synovial, modified hinge joint. it also can glide and rotate

what ligaments aid in supporting the knee joint

the mcl, lcl, acl, pcl and patellar ligament

where is an extracapsular ligament

outside the joint capsule

where is the intracapsular ligament

inside the joint capsule

what does mcl stand for

medial (tibial) collateral ligament

what does lcl stand for

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

what does acl stand for

anterior cruciate ligament

what does pcl stand for

posterior cruciate ligament

what does the patellar ligament do

connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity, strengthens the joint anteriorly

what does the MCL do

connects the medial epicondyle to the medial condyle, is directly adhered to the medial meniscus

what does the LCL do

is a cord-like band connecting the lateral epicondyle to the head of the fibula

what two fibrocartilage structres function as shock absorbers for the knee

medial and lateral meniscus

the medial meniscus is directly adhered to the

medial collateral ligament

what is the unhappy triad

injury to the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus.

when does the unhappy triad occur

when the foot is locked and the body is forced into a twisting position