Kidney and Excretion Review

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes regarding kidney and excretion topics.

Homeostasis

A stable/balanced internal environment of the body.

Excretion

The process of removing cellular waste to maintain balance in the body.

Deamination

The removal of an amino group from an amino acid, occurring in the liver.

Urea

A less toxic compound formed from ammonia, produced during the deamination of proteins.

Nephrons

Functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

Afferent Arteriole

Blood vessel that brings blood to the glomerulus in the nephron.

Efferent Arteriole

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus in the nephron.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Hormone that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Diuretic

Any substance that promotes urine production.

Aldosterone

Hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, impacting blood pressure.

Renal Pelvis

The area of the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and funnels it into the ureter.

Cortex

The outer layer of the kidney where filtration occurs.

Medulla

The inner area of the kidney involved in water reabsorption.

Bowman's Capsule

Structure surrounding the glomerulus where filtration of the blood occurs.

Kidney Stones

Minerals forming solid crystals that can obstruct the urinary tract.

Proteinuria

Presence of excess protein in urine, often indicating kidney damage.

Hemodialysis

A procedure to filter blood using a machine when kidneys are non-functional.

Peritoneal Dialysis

A dialysis method that uses the peritoneal cavity to filter blood.

Kidney Transplant

Surgical procedure to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy one from a donor.