Intro to Psychology Notes (Easy)

Psychology

Study of the mind, thoughts, feelings, and actions

Psychiatrist

Doctor who can give medicine for mental health

Psychologist

Helper who studies the mind but usually does not give medicine

Biopsychology

Studies the brain and body’s effect on behavior

Clinical Psychology

Helps people with mental or emotional problems

Developmental Psychology

Studies how people grow and change over life

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Studies people at work and in jobs

Cognitive Psychology

Studies thinking, memory, and learning

Social Psychology

Studies how people act with others

Forensic Psychology

Studies the mind in legal and criminal cases

Joseph Gall

Believed bumps on the head showed personality (phrenology, not true)

René Descartes

Asked how the mind and body work together

Charles Darwin

Said people and behavior evolve over time (evolution)

Wilhelm Wundt

Father of psychology; started first lab in 1879

Edward Titchener

Started structuralism; studied pieces of the mind

William James

Started functionalism; studied how the mind helps us adapt

Sigmund Freud

Said hidden (unconscious) thoughts shape behavior

John Watson

Behaviorist; studied observable actions

B.F. Skinner

Behaviorist; studied reinforcement and rewards

Ivan Pavlov

Behaviorist; studied learning with dogs and salivation

Gestalt Psychology

Belief that the whole is greater than the parts

Carl Rogers

Humanist; believed people are good and can grow

Abraham Maslow

Humanist; created hierarchy of needs, self-actualization

Cognitive Perspective

Compares the mind to a computer processing info

Biopsychology Perspective

Focuses on brain, genetics, and biology in behavior

Evolutionary Perspective

Studies how behavior helps survival

Sociocultural Perspective

Looks at how culture and society shape behavior