Biology - Enzymes and Digestion

Give 3 examples of big molecules

Starch, proteins and fats

Give examples of smaller molecules

Sugars (and maltose), amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids

Why are the bigger molecules broken down into the smaller ones?

To be absorbed into the bloodstream

What does carbohydrases convert carbohydrates into?

Simple sugars

What three places are amylase made?

the salivary glands, the pancreas, the small intestine

How does carbohydrase (amylase) break down starch?

Strach → amylase/enzyme → maltose (and other sugars)

What does protease turn proteins into?

Amino acids

What three places are protease made?

The stomach (pepsin), the pancreas, the small intestine

How does proteases break down proteins?

Proteins → protease/enzymes → amino acids

What does cpnvert turn lipids into?

Glycerol and fatty acids

What two places are lipids made?

The pancreas and the small intestine

How do lipids concert lipids?

Lipids → lipase/enzymes → glycerol and fatty acids

What does the body use the products of digestion for?

To make new carbohydrates, lipids abd proteins. Some glucose is used in respiration

Where is bile produced?

In the liver., stored in thr gall bladder before its released into the intestines

Why does bile neutralise the stomach acid pH?

To make the conditions alkaline so the enzymes work best

Why does bile emulsifies fat?

To give a larger surface area for the enzyme lipase to work on, which makes digestion fasterq

What are enzymes used in the digestive system produced by?

Specialised cells in glands and the gut lining

What do different enzymes catalyse?

The breakdown of different food molecules

What is the produced in the salivary glands?

Amylase enzyme in the saliva

What is the gullet?

The oesophagus

What does the stomach do/produce?

Pummels the food with its muscular walls,

Produces the protease enzyme, pepsin

Produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for protease enzyme to work (pH 2)

What does the liver produce?

Bile, which nuteralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat

What does the gall bladder do?

Where bile is stored before released into the small intestine

What does the pancreas produce?

Protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. Releases them into the small intestine

What does the large instestine do?

Where excess water is absorbed from the food

What does the small intestine produce/do?

Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion. Digested food is absorbed into the blood

What does the rectum do?

Faeces are stored before leaving through the anus