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Give 3 examples of big molecules
Starch, proteins and fats
Give examples of smaller molecules
Sugars (and maltose), amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids
Why are the bigger molecules broken down into the smaller ones?
To be absorbed into the bloodstream
What does carbohydrases convert carbohydrates into?
Simple sugars
What three places are amylase made?
the salivary glands, the pancreas, the small intestine
How does carbohydrase (amylase) break down starch?
Strach → amylase/enzyme → maltose (and other sugars)
What does protease turn proteins into?
Amino acids
What three places are protease made?
The stomach (pepsin), the pancreas, the small intestine
How does proteases break down proteins?
Proteins → protease/enzymes → amino acids
What does cpnvert turn lipids into?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What two places are lipids made?
The pancreas and the small intestine
How do lipids concert lipids?
Lipids → lipase/enzymes → glycerol and fatty acids
What does the body use the products of digestion for?
To make new carbohydrates, lipids abd proteins. Some glucose is used in respiration
Where is bile produced?
In the liver., stored in thr gall bladder before its released into the intestines
Why does bile neutralise the stomach acid pH?
To make the conditions alkaline so the enzymes work best
Why does bile emulsifies fat?
To give a larger surface area for the enzyme lipase to work on, which makes digestion fasterq
What are enzymes used in the digestive system produced by?
Specialised cells in glands and the gut lining
What do different enzymes catalyse?
The breakdown of different food molecules
What is the produced in the salivary glands?
Amylase enzyme in the saliva
What is the gullet?
The oesophagus
What does the stomach do/produce?
Pummels the food with its muscular walls,
Produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
Produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for protease enzyme to work (pH 2)
What does the liver produce?
Bile, which nuteralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat
What does the gall bladder do?
Where bile is stored before released into the small intestine
What does the pancreas produce?
Protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. Releases them into the small intestine
What does the large instestine do?
Where excess water is absorbed from the food
What does the small intestine produce/do?
Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion. Digested food is absorbed into the blood
What does the rectum do?
Faeces are stored before leaving through the anus
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