Genetics

What is a hybrid

Offspring of 2 different varieties

What is a mono hybrid cross

Study of inheritance of a single variety in a hybrid

What is a character trait

Potential variable quality or quantity in an organism

What are particles of inheritance

• Particles that cause changes in allele

• One particle is dominant and take over all

What is a genetic drift

A change in allele frequency due to chance

What are the two processes of evolution

Genetic drift and natural selection

What is natural selection

organisms better adapt to their environment when they are more likely to survive reproduce and past advantage traits onto their offspring, causing gradual change and adaption over generations

What is evolution

Any change in frequency of alleles in a population

What is a gene

A sequence of genetic material

What is a locus

Place on a chromosome where a gene is located

What is an allele

A from of a gene found at a certain locus

What is a diploid

2 allele at each locus

What is a haploid

1 allele at each locus

What does homozygous mean

2 alleles at certain locus are the same (only diploid)

What does heterozygote mean

2 alleles at certain locus are the same (only haploid)

What does dominant mean

An allele fully expressed in a heterozygote which determines traits

What does recessive mean

An allele not expressed in heterozygote which needs another trait

What is a genotype

Specific allele an organism has

What is a phenotype

Character trait that an organism has, which is due to genotype and environment

What is incomplete dominance

Both alleles contribute partially in a phenotype of a heterozygote

What does pleiotropy mean

A genotype at a single locus that influences more than one trait

What is a dihybrid cross

Hybridization experiment in which inheritance of two traits that are studied (in trying to learn inheritance)

What is dependent assortment

Alleles at two loci segregate together into gametes and are dependent on allele inherited at other (more likely linkage)

What does independent assortment mean

Alleles at two loci segregate independently during gamete formation usually because they’re on different chromosomes which allows random allele combinations

What are polygenic traits

Phenotype is influenced by many loci (2+ with two allele each)

What does disjunction mean in meiosis

Too many chromosomes on one side and not enough on another

What is the sexual reproduction cycle of meiosis in animals

1. Allele carried by gametes

2. Fertilization occurs into haploid cells

3. Zygote is produced causing 1 allele per locus

4. Into multicellular organisms

What happens if loci are close together

More combinations and more crossovers occur