Chapter 20

Age of Enlightenment

Age of Enlightenment

cultural shift down from wealthy to middle class

What were the desires of the middle class?

wanted....

- to be educated

- to determine their own destiny

- better quality of life

- pursue personal happiness

Desire to determine their own destiny caused....

Age of Revolution

Desire for better quality of life caused....

new "humanism"

Desire to pursue personal happiness caused...

desire to make music and to listen to music

Effects of Enlightenment thinking:

era of "rules and regulation"

18th century became a humanitarian age

Era of "rules and regulations"

-applied Enlightenment thinking to SCIENCE and MUSIC

- "Doctrine of Affections"

theory in the aesthetics of painting, music, and theatre

Humanitarian Age Music

middle class wanted to be entertained, but music was too sophisticated for middle class

"back to nature" mindset

What did they name music before the humanitarian age?

"Baroque" - to illustrate the previous era they did not understand

"twisted" or "too complex"

"Pre-Classic" Era's 2 general styles

France - Gallant (Rococo)

Germany - Empfindsamer style

Gallant (Rococo)

France

- courtly manner in literature

- catchy word for everything "modern"

Classical Period

overlaps Baroque and romantic era

Desire to be educated causes.....

"age of reason"

Which composer was a major humanitarian in the 18th vcenutry?

John Jaque Rousseau

18th century - A Cosmopolitan Age

- national barriers dissolve (all are equal)

- musical language becomes universal

"Rococo"

"shell"

Purpose of the Gallant (Rococo)

entertainment

Empfindsamer Style

Germany

- middle class "sensitive style" - pain

- exaggerate some "affects" of Baroque

Classical Period Harmony

SLOWER harmonic rhythm

SIMPLER harmonic progressions

"Alberti Bass"

Dominico Alberti - Classical Period Bass LIne

Major point of emphasis in the Humanitarian Age?

"all men are created equal"

"Pre-Classic" Era

1725-1775

Classical Period Melody

Baroque = "spun out" ("fortspining")

Classical = balanced phrases of 2 to 4 measures

Baroque ornamentation continued to be used

Classical Period Bass Line

becomes part of the accompaniment

no longer independent

Classical Period Realization

Music can have MORE than one "affect" per mvt.