Anatomy and Histology: Body Regions, Tissues, and Microscopy

A plane of section that runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body and divides it into superior and inferior portions is called a __________ section.

Cross

What is the body cavity in which the heart is located (by itself)?

pericardial

What is the body cavity in which the stomach and urinary bladder are both located?

abdominopelvic

What is the body cavity in which the spinal cord is located (by itself)?

spinal

The term "pedal" refers to which region of the body?

foot

The term "lumbar" refers to which region of the body?

lower back

The term "vertebral" refers to which region of the body?

back

The elbow is __________ to the shoulder.

distal

The spine is __________ to the shoulder blade.

medial

You are examining a microscope slide under the 10X objective lens and you switch to the 4X objective lens. The field of view will:

increase

Which objective lens has the greater depth of field: 100X or 40X?

40x

The area you view through the microscope is the __________

field

A moderate amount of absorption/secretion must take place across this surface.

simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

Transport across this surface must occur through simple diffusion.

simple squamous epithelial tissue

What do we call a dense connective tissue containing elastin fibers and populated primarily by chondrocytes?

elastic cartilage

Embryonic connective tissue is also known as ____________

mesenchyme

What do we call a dense connective tissue containing collagen fibers in bundles arranged in many directions and populated primarily by fibroblasts?

dense irregular connective tissue

Name the criteria by which epithelial tissues are classified? (check all that apply)

cell shape and number of cell layers

If an epithelial tissue is composed primarily of cells that are higher than they are wide, it is classified as a ___________ epithelium

columnar

What do we call an epithelial tissue that is one cell layer thick and is composed of flattened cells?

simple squamous epithelial tissue

What do we call an epithelial tissue that is many cell layers thick and is composed of cells that are higher than they are wide?

Stratified columnar epithelial tissue

What do we call a muscular tissue in which the cells are striated, generally uninucleate, and branched?

cardiac muscle tissue

What primary type of tissue occurs along a body surface

epithelial

What are the mucus producing cells in epithelial tissue called?

goblet cells

What are the supporting cells of nervous tissue called?

neuroglia

Identify one location in the body where adipose connective tissue can be found.

around kidney

Identify one location in the body where reticular connective tissue can be found.

within the lymph node

Identify one location in the body where hyaline cartilage can be found.

within the flexible portion of the nose

Identify one location in the body where stratified columnar epithelium can be found.

lining the male urethra

Identify one location in the body where simple columnar epithelium can be found.

lining the inner surface of small intestine

Identify one location in the body where simple cuboidal epithelium can be found.

lining the kidney tubules

Identify one location in the body where nervous tissue can be found

within the spinal cord

This epidermal layer consists of flattened but still living cells that contain keratin granules.

stratum granulosum

This structure produces a milky, protein- and lipid-rich secretion and is limited to the axillary and pubic regions.

apocrine sweat glands

What cytoskeletal element is primarily composed of tubulins and helps determine the shape of the cell?

microtubule

What body, found within the nucleus, containing proteins and RNA, serves to assemble ribosomal particles?

nucleolus

The daughter chromosomes separate during which phase of mitosis?

anaphase

The nuclear membrane disappears during which phase of mitosis

late prophase

A plane of section that runs parallel to the long axis of the body and divides it into equal right and left halves is called a __________ section

median

What is the body cavity in which the brain and spinal cord are both located?

dorsal

The proper anatomical term for the wrist is:

carpal

The term "nasal" refers to which region of the body?

nose

The wrist is __________ to the fingers

proximal

The ears are __________ to the nose

lateral

You are examining a microscope slide under the 40X objective lens and you switch to the 10X objective lens. The height of the focal point will:

stay the same

The depth of the specimen which is clearly in focus is the __________.

depth of field

The tissues underlying this surface must be protected from significant amounts of abrasion, and the surface must be continuously replaced.

stratified squamous epithelial tissue

What do we call a dense connective tissue containing an amorphous matrix and populated primarily by chondrocytes?

hyaline cartilage

What do we call a loose connective tissue containing reticular fibers?

reticular connective tissue

What do we call a loose connective tissue containing both collagen and elastin fibers, and in which the primary cell type is the fibroblast?

areolar connective tissue

Name the criteria by which connective tissues are classified?

arrangement of protein fibers, cell type, protein fiber type and matrix composition

If an epithelial tissue is composed primarily of cells that are as high as they are wide, it is classified as a ___________ epithelium.

cuboidal

What do we call an epithelial tissue that is one cell layer thick and is composed of cells that are higher than they are wide?

simple columnar epithelial tissue

What do we call an epithelial tissue that is many cell layers thick and is composed of flattened cells?

stratified squamous epithelial tissue

What are the spaces in which chondrocytes reside called?

lacunae

Identify one location where mesenchyme can be found.

within the embryo

Identify one location in the body where fibrous cartilage can be found.

within the pubic symphysis

Identify one location in the body where stratified squamous epithelium can be found.

within epidermis of the skin

Identify one location in the body where pseudostratified columnar epithelium can be found.

lining the inner surface of the trachea

This epidermal layer consists of a very thin transparent layer of flattened keratinized cells.

stratum epidermis

This hardened structure protects and supports the dorsal side of the distal phalangeal region.

nail

What cytoskeletal element is primarily composed of actin?

microfilament

What tiny spherical bodies, composed of RNA and protein, are the actual sites of protein synthesis?

ribosomes

DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

interphase

What is the body cavity in which the stomach (but not the urinary bladder) is located?

abdominal

What is the name of the membrane lining the organ within the pleural cavity?

visceral pleura

The term "cervical" refers to which region of the body?

neck

The proper anatomical term for the back of the head is:

occipital

The hip is _________ to the knee

proximal

The thumb is __________ to the little finger.

lateral

You are examining a microscope slide under the 40X objective lens and you switch to the 10X objective lens. The field of view will:

increase

If you are using an objective lens with a power of 100X and ocular lenses with a power of 10X, the total magnification of the specimen will be ____X.

1000

The ability to discriminate two closely spaced objects as separate is __________

resolution

This structure must provide a large amount of strength against force that is oriented parallel to the long axis of the structure.

dense regular connective tissue

This structure must be able to generate force to move other structures under voluntary control.

skeletal muscle tissue

What do we call a loose connective tissue containing both collagen and elastin fibers, and in which the primary cell type is the fat cell?

adipose connective tissue

What do we call an epithelial tissue that is many cell layers thick and is composed of cells that are as high as they are wide?

stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue

What do we call an epithelial tissue that is composed of many layers of cells that change their shape depending on the degree of stretching of the organ?

transitional epithelial tissue

What primary type of tissue is excitable but not contractile?

nervous

Identify one location in the body where skeletal muscle tissue can be found.

within biceps femoris muscle

This epidermal layer contains a large percentage of actively mitotic cells

stratum basale

This structure produces a thin, watery secretion that carries heat away from the body as it evaporates.

eccrine sweat gland

What membranous system of tubules serves to either store and transport proteins or to synthesize steroids and lipids?

endoplasmic reticulum

The nuclear membrane reforms during which phase of mitosis?

telophase

What is the name of the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal cavity?

parietal peritoneum

The term "umbilical" refers to which region of the body?

belly button

The proper anatomical term for the ankle is:

tarsal

The shoulder is __________ to the elbow.

proximal

The breast-bone is __________ to the spine.

anterior

You are examining a microscope slide under the 10X objective lens and you switch to the 4X objective lens. The total magnification will:

decrease

Which objective lens has the greater working distance: 4X or 40X?

4x

This material must provide shape to structures that are not intended to deform very much.

hyaline cartilage

What do we call a muscular tissue in which the cells are non-striated, uninucleate, and spindle shaped?

smooth muscle tissue

What are the cell junctions between cardiac muscle cells called?

intercalated discs

Identify one location in the body where areolar connective tissue can be found.

lamina propria of mucous membranes

Identify one location in the body where dense regular connective tissue can be found.

within ligaments

Identify one location in the body where stratified cuboidal epithelium can be found.

lining the largest ducts of sweat glands

Identify one location in the body where cardiac muscle tissue can be found.

within the walls of the heart

Identify the indicated tissue

skeletal muscle

This epidermal layer consists of a very thin transparent layer of flattened keratinized cells.

stratum lucidum