Engels - HBR - What Russia's Ongoing Cyberattacks in Ukraine Suggest About the Future of Cyber Warfare - VOC

Testing ground

a place where machines, cars etc are tested to see if they work properly

nuclear

Relating to or involving the use of weapons that use nuclear energy

device

A machine or tool that does a special job.

detonate

To explode or make something explode

The point

The most important fact or idea

primarily

Mainly

Capable of (doing) something

Having the qualities or ability needed to do something

era

A period of time in history that is known for a particular event or qualities

Cyberwarfare

The use of the Internet to attack f.e. a country so you caused problems.

conventional

Always following the behaviour and attitudes that most people in a society consider to be normal or socially acceptable.

Accurate

nauwkeurig, accuraat

(adv. Accurately)

Correct and true in every detail

attribute something to somebody/something

To believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something

plausible

Reasonable and likely to be true or successful

To launch

To send a weapon or spacecraft into the sky/space

Unwitting (adv. Unwittingly)

In a way that shows you do not know or realize something

partial

Not complete

To initiate

To arrange for something important to start.

botnet

A large number of computers that someone has secretly gained control of and uses to do things such as send spam.

To attack

The act of using weapons against an enemy in a war

To disrupt

To prevent something from continuing in its usual way by causing problems.

evidence

Information that is given in a court of law in order to prove that someone is guilty or not

invasion

When the army of one country enters another country by force, in order to take control of it.

To manage to do sth

To succeed in doing something difficult

To knock out

To defeat or make someone become unconscious of to damage something so that it does not work

To expand

To become lager in size, ground..

target

An object, person or place that is deliberately chosen to be attacked

agency

A business that provides a particular service for people or organizations

To invade

To enter a country, area using military force to take control of it.

malware

Software that is designed to get onto a computer and cause harm to the information there or problems with the way it works.

capability

The natural ability, skill or power that makes a machine, person, or organization able to do something especially something difficult

infrastructure

The basic systems and structures that a country or organization needs in order to work properly for example roads, railways..

resources

Something such as useful land that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth.

counterattack

An attack you make against someone who attacked you

provide

to produce something useful as a result

support

To agree with an idea, group, or person, and usual to help because you want them to succeed

To bolster

The help someone to feel better and more positive or to improve something

suspect

To think that something is going to happen or happened

weaponry

Weapons of a particular type or belonging to a particular country or group

To heed

To pay attention to someone's advice or warning.

To band

verenigen

scope

The opportunity to do or develop something

A spillover effect

The effect that one situation or problem has on another situation

precedent

An action or official decision that can be used to give support to later actions or decisions

To devastate

To make someone fee extremely shocked and sad

To damage

something very badly

interdependence

A situation in which people or thins depend on each other

To inflict

To make someone suffer something unpleasant

Long-lasting

Continuing for a long time

civilian

Anyone who is not member of the military forces or the police

population

The number of people living in a particular area, country..

deliberately

Done in a way that is intended or planned

accidentally

In a way that was not planned or intended

consequence

Something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions

To erase

To remove information from a computer memory or recorded sounds form a tape. To get rid of something so that is has gone completely and no langer exists.

resilience

The ability to become strong, happy, or successful again after a difficult situation or event.

breach

An action that breaks a law, rule, or agreement

In the face of

In a situation where there are many problems, difficulties of dangers

To report

To inform that something has happened, which may or may not be true

Collateral damage

bijkomende schade

To push for

To try to persuade people to accept your ideas, opinions etc to achieve something

assurance

A promise that something will definitely happen or is definitely true, made especially to make someone les worried.

To recover

to get better after an illness, accident, shock..

To verify

To discover whether something is correct or true

auditor

Someone whose job is to officially examine a company's financial records.

To minimize

To reduce something that is difficult dangerous or unpleasant to the smallest possible amount or degree.

To prevent

To stop something form happening, or stop someone from doing something.

suspicious

Thinking that someone might be guilty of doing something wrong of dishonest.

precaution

Something you do in order to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening.

vulnerability

Easily harmed, attack, or hurt

dormant

Not active or not growing at the present time but able to be active later

Third party

In law someone who is not one of the twee main people involved in an agreement or legal case but who is affected bu it or involved in it in some way.

To prioritize

To put several things, problems.. in order of importance, so that you can deal with the most important ones first.

Sound

Something that you hear, or what can be heard.

geopolitical

Ideas and activities relating to the way that a country's position, population.. affect its political development and its relationship with other countries, or the study of this.