Social Epistemology

PPT 5

Social Epistemology

the study of how knowledge is

socially constructed and how people can pursue truth

with the help of others.

descriptive and normative

what are the approaches in social epistemology?

descriptive

Clarifying whether a social isolate could

have knowledge

normative

Defining how groups should be organized to

produce knowledge most reliably

descriptive

“this is how knowledge is actually produced in society”

normative

“this is how social groups should be organized to produce knowledge effectively”

epistemic rights

rights to know the truth

equality in access to and availability of all relevant and truthful information

Everyone should have equal opportunity to get information that affects their decisions.

equality in obtaining competence in critically assessing and applying knowledge

People should have equal opportunities to learn how to evaluate information, not just receive it.

equality in public deliberation

Everyone should have equal opportunity to participate in discussions that shape public decisions.

equal freedom from external influence

People should be able to form their own beliefs and make decisions without undue pressure.

epistemic injustice

refers to a wrong done to someone as a knower or transmitter of knowledge

testimonial injustice

testimony is judged to be not or less credible because of prejudice and not because the testimony itself is unreasonable.

testimony

involves someone sharing their knowledge with someone

else.

hermeneutical

relates to interpretation and understanding.

hermeneutical injustice

cases of lacking the concepts to

adequately understand or communicate an experience;

false

true or false. hermeneutical injustice can be perpetrated by a single agent.

true

true or false. testimonial injustice can be done by a group

Miranda Fricker

who’s philospher is the type of epstemic injustices

Miranda Fricker

who suggested a way to prevent epistemic injustice

virtues

reliable character traits that neutralize prejudice

epistemic virtues

are traits or qualities of a person that contribute to

acquiring, maintaining, and transmitting knowledge in a reliable and

intellectually virtuous way.

epistemic virtues

can help us avoid common pitfalls of knowledge,

such as bias, credulity, or laziness in thinking, and can support

collaborative, critical, and open inquiry.

open-mindedness

The willingness to consider alternative

perspectives or to revise one's own beliefs in light of new evidence.

intellectual humility

Recognizing the limits of one’s knowledge,

being willing to admit errors, and being open to learning from others.

curiosity

A desire for knowledge and understanding, driving one

to ask questions and seek answers.

intellectual courage

The readiness to confront and consider

challenging or unpopular views and ideas.

intellectual tenacity

Persistence in seeking truth or understanding,

especially when encountering difficulties or complexities.

fair-mindedness

The ability to evaluate arguments and evidence

impartially, regardless of personal biases or preferences.

attentiveness

Paying careful attention to details, ensuring careful

reasoning and thorough understanding.

honesty

A commitment to truthfulness, both in the pursuit of

knowledge and in sharing it accurately with others.

epistemic health

idea that we can resist/identify fake news

epistemic ignorance

gap of knowledge that can be intentional or not