THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN?

What halted the third five year plan?

• Russia’s entry into the Second World War.​

When was the third five year plan?

1938-1942

What did this plan prepare Russia for?

devised to prepare Russia for war with Germany.

What methods dod the plan develop?

• applied the methods developed during the First Five-Year Plan to war production.​

What was the main positive and negative of the plan?

• the total quantity of military goods increased significantly, there were ongoing problems with production methods and the quality of goods produced. ​

What do Russia call WW2?

the great patriotic war?

Why is it odd that Stalin wa scared of Hitler, why was he scared?

Russia and Germany were allies, but communism and fascism dont mix

Why was the quality of goods low?

had to produce them so quickly

Why were foreigners used?

• provide the necessary expertise for these vast projects (like Magnitogorsk) the USSR was forced to turn to foreign companies and individuals​

What did Henry Ford do?

• Henry Ford advised on the car industry, training Russian engineers in the USA and helping to design the car-plant at Gorky.​

What was the involvement of foreigners with the Dnieprostroi Dam?

• used the experience gained from construction of hydro-electric power stations in Canada and, in 1932, six American engineers were awarded the ‘Order of the Red Banner of Labour’ for ‘outstanding work in the construction of DniproHES’ ​

What was the involvement of foreigners with the Moscow metro?

• relied on construction engineers from Britain – although built and decorated by native workers, the engineering designs, routes and construction plans were handled by specialists from the London Underground. ​

What was the attraction of communism in the depression?

• communism presented an attraction and some foreigners travelled from the West to the USSR, believing they were contributing to a new world order​

How did Stalin claim would happen for the workers, what actually happened?

Despite the talk of ‘proletarianization’ and the creation of the ‘socialist’ man, the living and working conditions experienced by most industrial workers were far from a ‘socialist paradise’.

WHat training programmes were set up?

• an extensive training programme was set up and opportunities for advancement by learning new skills meant some workers did well.​

What was introduced in regards to wages in 1931?

• wage differentials were introduced, to reward those who stayed in their jobs and worked hard.​

Who did Stalin’s purges hit hardest within the workforce?

• hit the intellectuals and white-collar workers the hardest, this reduced competition for the top jobs. ​

What were living conditions like in this period?

• life for the everyday person remained grim in this period.​

What were communal apartments like?

• extremely cramped, with inadequate sanitation and water supplies. ​

What was pblic transport and shops like?

• Public transport was overcrowded, shops were often empty and queues and shortages were an accepted feature of life. ​

What was introduced in 1938?

• labour books (in addition to internal passports) recorded workers’ employment, skills and any disciplinary issues. ​

What was production like in the labour camps?

Thousands of convicts in the labour camps died in the brutal conditions, but it is likely that the State spent more on resources and guarding the prisoners than they got back in productive work.​

What were wages like?

Although wages increased during the Second Five-Year Plan, they were still lower in 1937, than they had been in 1928. (which were worse than in 1913)

What happened to raioning, what was the consequence?

• was phased out in 1935 but market prices were high and ordinary workers could not access the same quality of goods as Party officials, so their living standards stagnated or fell​

How was the belomor canal built?

• was built by a force of c300,000 inmates – the death rate was 700 per day but they were replaced at the rate of 1,500 per day​

What was the average surival rate for inmates?

2 years

What was gov investment of the armed forces like by 1940?

one third of gov investment went here, doubling the proportion since 1937

What did the social upheavel in the first plans result in?

when pessents left the countryside to work in new factories

What did Gosplan order in 1939?

construction of new aircraft factories, Stalin oversaw the work personally and reviewe figures on a daily basis, whilst production rose most of it was unusable

What happened to agricultural production in May 1939?

noosted by limiting the amount of time peasants could spend on their private land

What happened to steel production?

stagnated

What did (to some extent) the remarmement end?

ended Gosplan’s responsibility for Russia’s military economy and this theplan came to an end

What did the politburo propose?

reducing the size of the private plts of lands so the peasants would spend more time on the collectives

What happened to the production of crude oil?

increased marginally from 29 million tonnes in 1937 to 31 million tonnes in 1940

What did Stalin do in May 1934 due to fears of imminent war?

took direct control of the defence industry and the central committee declared thst all of the country’s resources should be mobilised for war

What happened to coal production?

leapt from 128 millon tonnes in 1937 to 166 million tonnes in 1940

What did many Russians do in regards to jobs?

many regularly switched jobs in search of better pay and conditions, caused issues as factories couldn’t guarantee that they could recruit and retain labour

What formed the backbone of the plan?

heavy industry

How was the issue of Russian’s switchng jobs remedied?

internal passports in 1940

Why were planners diverting spending away from consumer goods?

to pay for remarmement

What happened to the head of gosplan in January 1938?

Vosnesensky replaced Kuibyshev

What intelligence did Stalin recieve in May 1941?

germany had 8 million men, 12,000 tanks, 52,000 guns and 20,000 guns so Stalin takes control of industry

When was the plan officially adopted?

18th party congress in 1939

What was the issue with the increase in heavy industry?

it grew at different rates in different areas

What did the armement industry grow by?

250%

Where was industry dveloped, why?

east of the urals-Siberian mountains (protected)

What were MTS’s converted to?

tank production

What was administration compliacted by?

urges - chaos in gosplan’s administration

When was there an exceptionally hard winter?

1938

what did Steel production reach?

5.8% of what wa planned, rolled metal by 1.4%

How is society described?

‘quicksand society’