APUSH Unit 5

Queen Elizabeth/Spanish Armada

England defeated Spain’s navy in 1588, boosting English power.

Puritan Reformation

Movement to purify the Church of England.

Primogeniture

System where the oldest son inherits family land.

Joint-stock companies

Businesses owned by investors who share profits and risks.

Tobacco

Cash crop that made Virginia profitable.

Virginia’s House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in the colonies.

Maryland

Colony founded as a refuge for Catholics.

Indentured servants

Workers who traded years of labor for passage to America.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Frontier revolt against Virginia’s government in 1676.

Great Awakening

Religious revival that stressed personal faith.

Boston Tea Party

Protest where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor.

Revolutionary War

War for American independence from Britain.

Battle of Saratoga

American victory that convinced France to support the colonies.

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. government with weak central power.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Ended the Revolutionary War and recognized U.S. independence.

Shays’ Rebellion

Farmers’ revolt showing weaknesses of the Articles.

Native Americans

Indigenous peoples of North America.

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist leader who created the national financial system.

Alien and Sedition Act

Laws limiting immigrants and government criticism.

Washington’s Neutrality

Policy to stay out of European wars.

Federalists/Anti-Federalists

Groups for and against the Constitution.

Marbury v. Madison

Case that established judicial review.

Louisiana Purchase

U.S. bought land from France, doubling its size.

War of 1812

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain over trade and impressment.

Republican motherhood

Idea that women should raise patriotic citizens.

Monroe Doctrine

Warned Europe to stay out of the Americas.

California missions

Spanish religious settlements in California.

John Audubon

Naturalist known for paintings of American birds.

Corrupt bargain

Deal that gave John Quincy Adams the presidency in 1824.

Shakers

Religious group known for simple living and celibacy.

Tariff of 1828

High tariff that angered the South.

Seminoles

Native American tribe that resisted removal in Florida.

Black Codes

Laws limiting African American freedom after the Civil War.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection.

15th Amendment

Gave Black men the right to vote.

Stephen Douglas

Senator who supported popular sovereignty.

Freedmen’s Bureau

Agency aiding formerly enslaved people.

Underground Railroad

Network helping enslaved people escape to freedom.

Compromise of 1850

Laws to settle slavery disputes, including a strict fugitive slave law.

Popular sovereignty

Letting voters decide on slavery in a territory.

Union military strategy

Plan to blockade the South and split it with the Mississippi River.

Copperheads

Northerners who opposed the Civil War.

Military Reconstruction Act

Divided the South into military districts for rebuilding.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Banned Chinese immigration.

Social Darwinism

Belief that the strong should succeed in society.

McKinley/The Philippines

U.S. gained the Philippines after the Spanish-American War.

Ghost Dance

Native religious movement promising the return of old ways.

Battle of Wounded Knee

Massacre of Sioux by U.S. troops in 1890.

Jane Addams

Reform leader who founded Hull House.

“The Jungle”

Book exposing problems in the meatpacking industry.

New immigrants

People from southern and eastern Europe arriving in the late 1800s.

1902 Coal Strike

Major strike settled by President Theodore Roosevelt.

Roosevelt Corollary

Policy allowing U.S. intervention in Latin America.

Progressive Amendments

16th–19th Amendments expanding democracy and reform.

Progressives/Reforms

Movement to fix social, political, and economic problems.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans to northern cities.

Schenck v. United States

Case limiting free speech during wartime.

14 Point Plan

Wilson’s plan for peace after World War I.

Marcus Garvey

Leader promoting Black pride and self-reliance.

U.S. foreign policy between WWI and WWII

Mostly isolationist policies.

American Federation of Labor in the 1920s

Union focused on skilled workers’ rights.

Impact of Henry Ford/assembly line

Mass production lowered costs and increased wages.

Bank Holiday

FDR closed banks to stop panic during the Depression.

Causes of Great Depression

Overproduction, stock market crash, and bank failures.

New Deal

FDR’s programs to provide relief, recovery, and reform.

Battle of Midway

Turning point victory for the U.S. in the Pacific.

Manhattan Project

Secret project that developed the atomic bomb.

European Theater

WWII fighting in Europe against Germany and Italy.

Homefront during WWII

Civilian effort supporting the war through work and rationing.

Pacific Theater

WWII fighting between the U.S. and Japan.

Effect of WWII on women

Women entered industrial and military jobs.

Effect of WWII on Japanese Americans

Many were placed in internment camps.

Bracero program

Program bringing Mexican workers to U.S. farms.

Impact of WWII on unemployment

War jobs greatly reduced unemployment.