Chapter Thirteen

Flashcards created to help review and understand key concepts related to health-related and substance-use disorders.

Chronic illness

A medical condition that persists longer than 3 months or requires continuous hospitalization for over a month.

Enuresis

Involuntary discharge of urine during the day or night, commonly known as bed-wetting.

Encopresis

Involuntary passage of feces in inappropriate places, often linked to constipation.

Dyssomnias

Sleep disorders that involve difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, characterized by problems such as insomnia.

Parasomnias

Sleep disorders characterized by abnormal behavioral or physiological events during sleep, such as sleepwalking and nightmares.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD)

A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.

Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions

Factors relating to emotional or psychological distress that can significantly impact the physical health and functioning of an individual.

Metabolic control

The management of blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes, integral for maintaining normal metabolic function.

Sleep-wake disorders

A category of disorders involving disruptions in sleep patterns that impact emotional and physical health.

Somatic symptom disorders

A group of disorders characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment which are not fully explained by a medical condition.

Substance dependence

A condition whereby an individual exhibits a physiological need for the substance, often shown through tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.

Sleep terrors

NREM sleep arousal disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of abrupt awakening from sleep, accompanied by fear and autonomic arousal.

Withdrawal symptoms

Physiological symptoms that occur when a person reduces or stops the consumption of a substance they are dependent on.

Binge drinking

The consumption of five or more drinks in a row at least once in the past two weeks, common among adolescents.

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

A sleep disorder where the sleep-wake cycle is misaligned with the environment, leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia.

Sensation-seeking

A personality trait characterized by the search for experiences that are novel or intense, which can correlate with higher rates of substance use.

Family dynamics in chronic illness

The interaction and adjustments within a family unit caused by a member's chronic health condition, impacting overall family functioning.

Motivational interviewing

A patient-centered counseling style for eliciting behavior change by helping patients explore and resolve ambivalence.