Patient Care- the heart

the apex of the heart

faces the hipand is directed downward

how many times does the heart contract per minute?

72 times

fibrous pericardium

outer layer that protects and anchors the heart

serous pericardium

inner layer that produces lubricating fluid , which collects in the pericardial cavity, to reduce friction of the heart against other tissues

Epicardium

part of the serous pericardium

myocardium

thick,twisting bundles of cardiac muscle to provide contractions

endocardium

thin inner layer that lines the heart chambers

pulmonary circuit

carries blood from heart to lungs and back to heart and picks up O2, drops off CO2

systemic circuit

carries blood from body tissues and back and picks up CO2, drops off O2

right and left atria

receive blood

right and left ventricles

pump out blood

what blood does the left side of the heart receive?

oxygenated blood

what blood does the right side of the heart receive?

deoxygenated blood

superior and inferior vena cavas

return blood to heart from upper and lower body, respectively.

pulmonary veins

bring oxygenated blood from lungs

pulmonary arteries

carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up more oxygen

coronary blood vessels

provide oxygen to the heart itself

aorta

takes oxygenated blood to body tissues

valves

tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards

atriventricular valves

tricuspid and bicuspid valves

semilunar valves

pulmonary valve on right and aortic valve on left

flow of deoxygenated blood

From body tissues 🡪 superior vena cava and inferior vena cava 🡪 right atrium 🡪 right ventricle 🡪 pulmonary arteries 🡪 lungs

flow of oxygenated blood

From lungs 🡪 pulmonary veins 🡪 left atrium 🡪 left ventricle 🡪 aorta

sinoatrial node

begins impulse which causes contraction of the atria and is called the cardiac pacemaker

atriovetricular node

allows the atria to empty into nodes

AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

impulse continues and ventricles contract which pushes blood out

First stage of diastole: atrial contraction

ventricles fill with blood

second stage of diastole: AV valves close

first “lub” sound is made

first stage of systole: isovolumetric contraction

ventricles contract with all valves closed

second stage of systole: ejection phase

pressure in ventricles build until semilunar valves open and blood is released into blood vessels

third stage of systole: semilunar valves close

make second heart sound “dup”

fourth stage of systole: isovolumetric relaxation

ventricles relax with all valves closed