Parasitology: Chapter 4 Nematodes

Physaloptera spp.

Host: canines and felines; Location: lumen of the stomach or small intestine; Common name: stomach worm, Diagnosis: fecal flotation and vomits

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina

Host: canine and felines; Location: small intestine; Common name: canine and felines roundworms; Diagnosed: fecal flotation; Treatment: Vermifuge (Piperazine/Pyrantel), Vermicide (Thiabendazole/Mebendazole)

Baylisascaris procyonis

Host: raccoon; Common name: raccoon roundworms; Location: small intestine; Diagnosed: fecal flotation; ZOONOTIC

Ancylostoma caninum

 Host: A.caninum- canine, A. tubaeforme-feline, A. brazilinse-canine and felines, Uncinaria stenocephala- canine; Location: small intestine; Common name: Hookworm; Diagnosed: easily on fecal float; Treatment: mebendazole, fenbendazole, pyrantel; Prevention: Ivermectin and pyrantel

Strongyloides

Host: dogs, cats, human; Location: small intestines; Common name: intestinal threadworm;  Clincal signs: severe diarrhea in puppies

Trichuris vulpis

Host: T. vulpis-canine, T. campanula- and serrate-feline; Common name: whipworm; *feline whipworms are rare; Clinical signs: diarrhea, anemia, mucus covered stool; Diagnoosis: fecal flotation; Treatment: Mebendazole, fenbendazole; or ivermectine

Enterobius vermicularis

Host: humans; Common name: human pinworm: *Does not affect dogs and cats, never carnivores

Dirofilaria immitis

Host: canine, feline, and ferret; Intermediate host: FEMALE mosquito; Common name: heartworm; Diagnosis: Knott’s technique; Clinical signs: decrease in exercise tolerance, right side heart enlargement, ascites; Treatment: bloodwork, urinalysis, immiticde, heartworm testing

Dirofilaria immitis- cat

Diagnosis: antigen tests and antibody tests; Treatment: there is no approved treatment for feline heartworm

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

Host: feline; Common name: feline lungworm; Diagnosis: fecal floatation or by Baermann technique; Treatment: Fenbendazole

Eucoleus: aerophilus and boehmi

Host: E. aerophilus-canine and felines, E. boehmi- canines; Diagnosis: fecal flotation; Treatment: Benzimidazoles or Ivermectin

Dictophyma renale

Host: canine; Location: right kidney; Common name: canine giant kidney worm; Diagnosis: centrifugation; Treatment: rarely done

Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp.,

Host: cattle, sheep, goats; Location: abomasum, small and large intestine; Common name: trichostrongyles of cattle and sheep; Treatment: fenbendazole, levamisole, and ivermectin

Nematodirus and Marshallagia spp

Host: cattle, goats, and sheep; Location: abomasum, small and large intestine; Diagnosis: fecal flotation; Common name: Trichostrongyles with very large eggs

Trichuris ovis

Host: cattle, sheep, and goats; Location: cecum and colon; Common name: Whipworm; Clincal signs: dark feces, anorexia, and anemia; Treatment: benzimidazoles, probenzimidazoles, and ivermectin

Stephanofilaria stilesi

Host: cattle, goats, buffalo, and wild ruminants; Intermediate host: Haematobia irritants; Location: ventral midline skin; Common name: skin worm; Diagnosis: deep skin scrapings after the crust has been removed

Habronema

Host: horses; Intermediate host: Muscidae fly; Location: stomach mucosa; Common name: stomach worms of horses; Clinical signs: gastritis, colic, and diarrhea; Diagnosis: fecal flotation; Treatment: Benzimidazoles and ivermectin

Parascaris equorum

Host: horses; Location: small intestine; Diagnosis; fecal flotation; Treatment: deworming

Strongylus vulgaris, edentaus, and equinus

Host: horses; Location: large intestine; Common name: strongyles of horses; Clinical signs: colic, weight loss, lethargy; Treatment: fenbendazole, oxfendazole, thiabendazole, ivermectin

Strongyloides wasteri

Host: horses; Location: small intestine; Common name: threadworm; Clinical signs: diarrhea, weight loss, anemia; Diagnosis: fecal float or fresh feces; Treatment: oxibendazole, thisbendazole, or ivermectin

Oxyuris equi

Host: Horses; Location: cecum, colon, and rectum; Common name: pinworm; Diagnosis: cellophane tape impressions; Treatment: oxibendazole, thiabendazole, or ivermectin

Habronema species and Draschia megastoma

Host: horses; Intermediate host: Muscid flies; Common name: cutaneous habronemiasis/draschiasis; Diagnosis: clinical signs and skin biopsies

Onchocerca cervicalis

Host: horses; Intermediate host: biting midges of the Culicoides; Common name; Equine filarial worm; diagnosis; biopsy; Treatment: fly control

Ascaris suum

Host: pigs; Location: small intestine; Common name: roundworm of pigs; Diagnosis: fecal flotation; Treatment: Benzimidazoles, levamisole, ivermectin, pyrantel, piperazine, and hydromycin

Strongyloides ransomi

Host: pigs; Location: small intestine; Common name: threadworm of pigs; Clinical signs: diarrhea, anemia, and weight loss; Diagnosis: flotation of fresh feces; Treatment: Benzimidazoles and ivermectin

Trichuris suis

Host: pigs; Location: cecum and colon; Clinical signs: anemia, bloody, diarrhea, anorexia; Treatment: levamisol, dichlorvos, and denbendazole; Common name: whipworm of pigs

Trichinella spiralis

Host: pigs; Location: small intestine; Common name: trichina worm; Diagnosis: muscle biopsy *passed to humans in undercooked pork

Metastrongylus elongatus

Host: pigs; Intermediate host: earthworm; Diagnosis: fecal flotation; Treatment: fenbendazole, ivermectin, or levamisol; Common name: swine lungworm

Dentostomella translucida

Host: gerbil; Location: stomach and proximal 1/3 of small intestine; Common name: pinworm

Paraspidodera uncinata

Host: guinea pig; Location: cecum and colon; Diagnosis: fecal float or direct smear; Common name: ascarid of guinea pig

Passalurus ambiguus

Host: rabbits; Location: cecum and colon; Diagnosis: fecal flotation; Common name: pinworm of rabbits

Acarida species

Host: love birds, cockatiels, macaws, parakeets; Location: small intestine; Diagnosis: direct smear and fecal float; Common name: ascarids of birds

Capillaria

Host: pheasants, peafowl, other poultry; Diagnosis: direct smear or fecal float