Anterior and Medial Thigh Compartments - Vocabulary Flashcards

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Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key muscles, nerves, vessels, landmarks, and clinical concepts related to the anterior and medial compartments of the thigh, as described in the lecture notes.

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34 Terms

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Anterior thigh compartment

The region containing knee extensors and hip flexors; muscles include quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and iliopsoas; innervated mainly by the femoral nerve.

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Medial thigh compartment

The region containing thigh adductors; muscles include pectineus, adductor longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus; innervated mainly by the obturator nerve.

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Posterior thigh compartment

The region containing hip extensors and knee flexors (hamstrings); innervation mainly from branches of the sciatic nerve.

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Iliopsoas

Primary hip flexor formed by iliacus and psoas major; inserts on the lesser trochanter; iliacus innervated by L2–L3, psoas by L1–L3.

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Quadriceps femoris

Four-headed muscle group in the anterior thigh that extends the knee; includes rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius; innervated by the femoral nerve.

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Rectus femoris

One head of the quadriceps; crosses hip and knee joints; flexes the hip and extends the knee; origin anteroinferior iliac spine and acetabular rim.

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Vastus lateralis

Lateral head of the quadriceps; originates from greater trochanter and lateral lip of the linea aspera; inserts on the lateral patella and via the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity.

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Vastus medialis

Medial head of the quadriceps; originates from the intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera; inserts on the medial patella; helps with patellar tracking; extends the knee.

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Vastus intermedius

Deep to rectus femoris; originates on the anterior/lateral femoral shaft; inserts on the patellar tendon; assists in knee extension.

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Articularis genu

Small deep slip of Vastus Intermedius; retracts the suprapatellar synovial membrane during knee extension to prevent entrapment.

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Sartorius

Longest muscle; runs from ASIS to medial tibia; crosses hip and knee; flexes hip and knee; abducts and laterally rotates thigh; innervated by the femoral nerve.

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Pes anserinus

Conjoined insertion on the medial tibia for sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus; means “goose's foot.”

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Patella

Sesamoid bone within the quadriceps tendon; articulates with the femur to facilitate knee extension; patellar ligament/t tendon transmits force to the tibia.

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Bipartite patella

Patella with two ossification centers; can mimic a fracture on radiographs; a normal variant in some individuals.

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Pectineus

Medial thigh muscle; flexes and adducts the thigh; originates on the pubis and inserts on the pectineal line of the femur; innervation may be femoral, obturator, or both.

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Adductor longus

Medial thigh muscle; originates on the pubis; inserts on the medial lip of the linea aspera; flexes and adducts the thigh; primarily innervated by the anterior division of the obturator nerve.

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Adductor brevis

Originates from the inferior pubic ramus; inserts on the upper medial lip of the linea aspera; flexes and adducts the thigh; usually innervated by the anterior division of the obturator nerve (can be posterior or both).

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Adductor magnus

Large thigh adductor with two heads: adductor (anterior) and hamstring (posterior). Adductor head flexes; hamstring head extends the thigh; innervation: adductor head (posterior division of obturator nerve); hamstring head (tibial division of the sciatic nerve).

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Gracilis

Medial thigh muscle; originates on the inferior pubic ramus; inserts on the medial tibia; flexes and adducts the thigh; flexes and medially rotates the leg; innervated by the anterior division of the obturator nerve.

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Obturator externus

Deep medial thigh muscle; originates from the margins of the obturator foramen and membrane; inserts on the trochanteric fossa; laterally rotates the thigh; innervation: posterior division of the obturator nerve.

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Obturator artery

Branch of the internal iliac artery; supplies the medial thigh; may give a head-to-femur branch via ligamentum teres.

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Femoral artery

Main arterial supply to the lower limb; continuation of the external iliac artery after passing under the inguinal ligament; gives off the deep femoral artery.

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Deep femoral artery (profunda femoris)

Deep branch of the femoral artery; gives rise to lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries and perforating branches to the posterior thigh.

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Medial femoral circumflex artery

Artery that courses around the proximal femur; anastomoses with other arteries around the hip; supplies the femoral head via ligamentum teres (in some cases).

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Lateral femoral circumflex artery

Artery with ascending, transverse, and descending branches; contributes to hip and knee anastomoses around the femur.

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Femoral triangle

Triangular space in the upper thigh bordered by the inguinal ligament (superior), the medial border of the adductor longus (medial), and the medial border of the sartorius (lateral); contents: femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymphatics (naval: nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics).

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Saphenous hiatus

Opening in the fascia lata allowing the great saphenous vein to join the femoral vein in the femoral triangle region.

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Adductor canal (Hunter's canal)

Channel from the inferior tip of the femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa; boundaries include vastus medialis, vastus adductor membrane, adductor longus and magnus; contents: femoral artery, femoral vein, nerve to vastus medialis, and the saphenous nerve; descending genicular artery also passes through.

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Saphenous nerve

Terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve; exits via the vasto-ductor membrane to supply skin of the anteromedial leg and knee.

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Descending genicular artery

Branch of the femoral artery that supplies the knee region; travels with the saphenous nerve through the vasto-ductor membrane.

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Genitofemoral nerve

L1–L2 nerve; provides cutaneous innervation to part of the anterior thigh (femoral branch) and motor to the cremaster (genital branch).

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Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Nerve from L2–L3 supplying the skin of the lateral thigh; can be compressed under the inguinal ligament (meralgia paresthetica).

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Femoral nerve anterior cutaneous branches

Branches of the femoral nerve that supply the skin of the anterior thigh and knee; saphenous nerve supplies the medial leg as a continuation.

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Gait phases

Walking consists of stance (initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, preswing) and swing (initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing) phases; involves an inverted pendulum model and dynamic stability.