Duke of Somerset and Religion 1547-49

What was Somerset religion?

Advanced protestant

What led him on a wavering path of religious change?

Governmental problems of maintaining uniformity and order

What was repealed under Somerset?

Catholic Six Articles Act and Treason Laws

What was encouraged?

Communion of both kinds (congregation of bread and wine) 

What had completed a significant move in the rituals of the Church?

1549- the Protestant First Book of Common Prayer

What was the Protestant First Book of Common Prayer enforced by?

Act of Uniformity

Why had Somerset been forced to tread carefully?

Domestic and foreign policy issues like fear from Charles V, the rebellions of 1549, and the war with Scotland 

Who was Somerset associated with?

Leading reformists such as Hopper, Bruce, and Calvin

How did Somerset moderately enforce Protestantism?

Few conservative Bishops removed and nobody persecuted for heretical beliefs

What did this moderate enforcement lose him approval of?

Radical protestants 

What is Somerset best described as?

Erastian Protestant- state have authority over the church

When would Somerset only introduce religious changes?

The political situation was right

When was the Royal Visitation?

1547

What was Royal Visitation 1547?

Commissioners sent to diocese to examine the state of the Church and its practices

What’s the Book of Homilies?

Collection of sermons to be read aloud by the clergy who were unable to preach themselves

When was the Book of Homilies?

July 1547

Who wrote the Book of Homilies?

Archbishop Cranmer

When was the Royal Injunctions?

July 1547

What was the Royal Injunctions?

Orders for all the clergy to preach in English

Clergy have an English Bible

Protestant literature and superstitious images removed

What’s a chantry?

Establishment for prayers of the dead

When was the Act of Dissolution of Monasteries?

Nov-Dec 1547

What’s the Act of Dissolution of Monasteries?

Condemned the prayers for the dead

Completely supressed 2374 chantries and guild chapels, with the intention of covering the cost of the war with France 

When was the Act of Six Articles Repealed?

Nov-Dec 1547

What was the Act of Six Articles repealed?

Allowing marriage of priests, allowing communion of both kinds

When was the Treason Act Repealed?

Nov-Dec 1547

What was the Treason Act Repealed?

Removed the old heresy, treason, and censorship and proclamation laws.

Allowed people to discuss religion feely without fear of arrest or imprisonment

How did radicals use the repeal of the Treason Act and why?

Spread Protestant messages and destroy Catholic images and alters as the government had stripped away its power to handle the outburst. 

What did Protestant pamphlets attack?

Mass and Catholics in general

When was Proclamations issued to dampen protestant unrest?

Jan-March 1548

What were the proclamations issued to dampen protestant unrest?

Asserts transubstantiation was still in force and Catholic rites need to be adhered to. 

What were these proclamations doing for the govt in reality?

Restoring order for the publication of the First Book of Common Prayer

When was all images removed from churches?

Feb 1548

When was the Proclamation that only the clergy can preach?

April 1548

What did the flood of unauthorised Protestant preachers follow?

Repeal of the Treason Act

When was the Proclamation that no preaching until new liturgy was introduced?

Sept 1548

What was this proclamation a clear sign of?

Situation slipping out of control from govt

When was the First Book of Common Prayer?

1549

Who wrote the First Book of Common Prayer?

Archbishop Cranmer 

What was the First Book of Common Prayer?

Manual outlining liturgy that should be followed in services

What was the liturgies that should be followed in the First Book of Common Prayer?

• Services in England

• Sacraments- eucharist, baptism, last rites, conformation, and marriage

• Communion of both kind

• Clerical marriage allowed

• Purgatory- unclear

• No prayers for the dead

• Worship of saints discouraged

• Traditional robes

• Transubstantiation

• Fast and holy days remained

What was the aftermath of the First Book of Common Prayer?

Satisfied few- Catholics saw it as implicitly Protestant and Protestants saw it as popery- ‘fudge’

When was the Act of Uniformity?

Jan 1549

What was the Act of Uniformity?

Made the Book of Common Prayer the official liturgy

What was an example of a resistance to it?

Western Rebellion (1549)