AP Psych - neurons and neuro impulses

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Psychology

38 Terms

1

neuron

nerve cell

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2

dendril

fibers that receive information

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3

axon

fibers that send info to other neurons, muscles, and glands (very long)

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4

myelin sheath

fatty tissue which insulates axon and helps speed up impulses; multiple sclerosis is when it deteriorates

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5

impulses

travel between 2 to 200 mph

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6

cell body

mitochondria turns glucose into energy for cell life support

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7

action potential

electrical charge that travels down an axon

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8

ions

electrically charged atoms

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9

polarized

resting axon is more negative on the inside and more positive on the outside

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10

selectively permeable

axon is selective about what it allows in

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11

depolarization

gates open along axon and allow positive ions to flow in (Na+)

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12

threshold

the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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13

self-propogating

one part depolarizes causing the next channel to open (like falling dominoes)

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14

all or none

a neuron either fires completely or does not fire at all

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15

refractory period

after firing, the neuron must recharge. positive potassium (K+) flows out and the neuron becomes repolarized. this process occurs up to 1000 times per sec

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16

neural communication synapse

gap between the neurons

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17

axon terminals

contain vesicles/sacs which release chemicals across the gap

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18

neurotransmitters

chemicals that cross the synapse and bind with receptors on dendrites of the next neuron

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19

reuptake

excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed back into the vesicles

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20

agonist

acts like the neurotransmitter and binds with the receptor (tricks brain)

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21

antagonist

blocks receptor so that neurotransmitter can't stimulate receptor or may inhibit release of neurotransmitter (like ibuprofen)

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22

lock and key

neurotransmitters have a certain shape, only fit with certain dendrites

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23

blood brain barrier

brain screens out unwanted chemicals circulating in the blood; dopamine won't cross the barrier but L-Dopa (agonist) will (used for Parkinson's)

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24

neural networks

clusters of neurons working together to accomplish the same task (work as a group)

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25

afferent

bring pain inward, sensory

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26

efferent

reflex, pain signal sent to spine, makes one synapse around spine/nerve, goes back to hand/where it occurre, when pain is bad, bring pains outward, motor

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27

chemicals used in depolarizing process

sodium, calcium, potassium

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28

order energy travels

dendrite, cell body, axon

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29

excitatory

tells rest to fire

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30

inhibatory

goes across synapse into lock and key, tells not to fire

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31

central nervous system

incased in bone, brain and spinal cord

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32

peripheral nervous system

outside bone

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33

somatic

motor and sensory, efferent and afferent

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34

motor

nerves that allow you to move

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35

sensory

5 senses

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36

autonomic

controls all things in the body you don't have to think about

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37

sympathetic

turns on fight or flight

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38

parasympathetic

turns off fight or flight

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