Bio 2 Lecture 1 Test

energy source of photoautotroph

light

photoautotroph carbon source

co2

chemoautotroph energy source

inorganic compound

chemoautotroph carbon source

co2

photoheterotroph energy source

light

photoheterotroph carbon source

organic compound

chemoheterotroph energy source

organic compound

chemoheterotroph carbon source

organic compound

salmonella shape

bacillus

salmonella gram stain

neg

salmonella oxygen

facultative anaerobe

salmonella releases

endotoxin

ecoli shape

bacillus

ecoli gram stain

negative

ecoli oxygen

facultative anaerobe

ecoli releases

exotoxin

neisseria shape

coccus

neisseria gram stain

negative

neisseria oxygen

aerobic

neisseria causes

gonorrhoeae

chlamydia shape

coccus

chlamydia gram test

negative

chlamydia oxygen

unknown

chlamydia causes

blindess

treponema shape

helical

treponema oxygen

anaerobe but o2 tolerant

treponema gram stain

negative

treponema causes

syphilis

borrelia burgdorferi shape

helical

borrelia burgdorferi gram stain

negative

borrelia burgdorferi oxygen

low o2 required

borrelia burgdorferi causes

lyme disease

borrelia burgdorferi symptom

bullseye rash

oscillatoria shape

filamentous

oscillatoria stain

no stain

oscillatoria oxygen

aerobe to anaerobe

oscillatoria does

release oxygen and fix nitrogen

clostridium shape

bacillus

clostridium oxygen

obligate anaerobe

clostridium gram stain

positive

clostridium causes

lockjaw and botulism

bacillus anthracis shape

bacillus

bacillus anthracis oxygen

aerobic

bacillus anthracis gram stain

positive

bacillus anthracis causes

anthrax and pneumonia

streptococcus shape

coccus

streptococcus oxygen

anaerobe but oxygen tolerant

streptococcus gram stain

positive

streptococcus causes

strep throat

staphylococcus shape

coccus

staphylococcus gram stain

positive

staphylococcus oxygen

facultative anaerobe

staphylococcus causes

staph infection and food poisoning

lytic cycle

phage injects into bacteria, replicate, cell bursts

lysogenic cycle

viral dna becomes part of chromosome, replicates with cell

hiv genome

ssRNA template for DNA

hiv how replicate

uses reverse transcriptase and becomes part of the host’s dna, proteins are produced that produce more hiv

treatment of hiv

azt, protease inhibitor, chemokines, receptor blocking, defective hiv

influenza genome

ssRNA (template for mRNA)

influenza infects

epithelial cells of respiratory

influenza treatment

waiting for immune response antiviral drug

coronavirus genome

ssRNA (acts as mRNA)

coronavirus vaccine

injects viral mRNA

johnson and johnson vaccine

mRNA in adenovirus

moderna and pfizer

mRNA in nanoparticle

two theories of eukaryote origin

autogenous and endosymbiotic

excavata

excavated groobe

diplomonad

lacks plastid, nonfunctional etc, mitosome, 2 haploid nuclei, flagella

parabasalid

hydrogenosome, lacks plastid, undulating membrane with flagella

euglenozoan

flagella with crystalline rod, disc shaped cristae

euglenid

anterior pocket with flagella

kinetoplastid

kinetoplast, large mitochondria

sar

secondary endosymbiosis with red algae

stramenopila

hair flagella, stores food as laminarin

bacillariophyta

overlapping silica test, carotene and xanthophyll

chrysophyta

biflagellated, carotene and xanthophyll

phaeophyta

fucoxanthin, cellulose and algin

oomycete

no pigment, coenocytic hyphae, cellulose

rhizaria

thin pseudopodia

cercozoan

amoeboid with thin pseudopodia, predator

foraminiferan

calcium carbonate, sinks into sand or attached to plankton in marine and freshwater

radiolarian

silica skeleton, fused plates, floats in marine

archaeplastid

secondary endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria

rhodophyta

multicellular, phycoerythrin, no flagellate stage, agar

chlorophyta

chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, unicellular, colonial, multicellular, cellulose

charophyta

chlorophyll a,b, carotenoids, closest relative to land plants

unikonta

posterior flagella, fusion of 3 genes, lobe/tube pseudopodia

amoebazoan

lobe/tube pseudopodia

slime mold

pseudopod

plasmodial slime mold

coenocytic hyphae, sex and food plasmodium

cellular slime mold

septate hyphae, sex and stress plasmodium

gymnamoeba

lacks test, broad pseudopodia

entamoeba

diarrhea, parasitic

opisthokonts

posterior flagella

nucleariids

posterior flagella and temporary pseudopod

choanoflagellate

unicellular, suspension feeder

fungi

chitin, hyphae, absorption, stores sugar as glycogen

haustoria

feeding hyphae

chytrids

flagella, coenocytic hyphae, chitin

zygomycota

coenocytic hyphae, used as birth control