Feeding and eating disorders

Pica

Persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month.

2 years old

What is the minimum age suggested for a pica diagnosis?

Childhood

When is the most common onset of PICA?

Neglect, lack of supervision, and developmental delay

Risk and Prognostic Factors for Pica

Rumination Disorder

Repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at least 1 month. Regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

An eating or feeding disturbance (e.g., apparent lack of

interest in eating or food; avoidance based on the sensory

characteristics of food; concern about aversive consequences

of eating) associated with one (or more) of the following:

1. Significant weight loss (or failure to achieve expected

weight gain or faltering growth in children).

2. Significant nutritional deficiency.

3. Dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional

supplements.

4. Marked interference with psychosocial functioning.

functional dysphagia

a condition where individuals experience the sensation of food sticking or passing abnormally through the esophagus, despite the absence of any structural or motor abnormalities

globus hystericus

the feeling of a lump or foreign body in the throat when no actual mass is present

Anorexia Nervosa Criterion A

Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimaly normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that minimaly expected.

Anorexia Nervosa Criterion B

Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight.

Anorexia Nervosa Criterion B

Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight

Restricting type

During the last 3 months, the individual has not engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas). This subtype describes presentations in which weight loss is accomplished primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise.

Binge-eating/purging type

During the last 3 months, the individual has engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas)

Mild Anorexia

BMI ≥ 17 kg/m2.

Moderate Anorexia

BMI 16–16.99 kg/m2

Severe Anorexia

BMI 15–15.99 kg/m2.

Extreme Anorexia

BMI < 15 kg/m2

binge eating/purging

Most individuals with the b___________ type of anorexia nervosa who binge eat also purge through self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas

persistent energy intake restriction; intense fear of gaining weight, disturbance in self perceived weight

three essential features of anorexia nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

recurrent episodes of binge eating (Criterion A), recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain (Criterion B), and self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape and weight (Criterion D)

Mild Bulimia Nervosa

An average of 1–3 episodes of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week.

Moderate Bulimia Nervosa

An average of 4–7 episodes of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week.

Severe Bulimia Nervosa

An average of 8–13 episodes of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week.

Extreme Bulimia Nervosa

An average of 14 or more episodes of inappropriate compensatory behaviors per week.

3 months

a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa should be given only when all criteria for bulimia nervosa have been met for at least how many months?

Binge-Eating Disorder

The essential feature of binge-eating disorder is recurrent episodes of binge eating that must occur, on average, at least once per week for 3 months (Criterion D)

Night eating syndrome

: Recurrent episodes of night eating, as manifested by eating after awakening from sleep or by excessive food consumption after the evening meal. There is awareness and recall of the eating. The night eating is not better explained by external influences such as changes in the individual’s sleep-wake cycle or by local social norms. The night eating causes significant distress and/or impairment in functioning

weight

The difference between a person with bulimia nervosa and a person with the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa is?

BINGE EATING DISORDER

the most common form of eating disorder

hypothalamus

brain are that plays a role in eating

set point

weight that our individual bodies try to “defend”

serotonin

neurotransmitter that modulates appetite and feeding behavior.

Reward Sensitivity

Binge eaters are more sensitive to food rewards; anorexic individuals may be less so.

women

eating disorders are much more frequently found in women than in which gender?

bulimia nervosa

Cognitive-behav ior therapy (CBT) is effective on which eating disorder?