PATHO EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUIZZES

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endoscopic results reveal metaplastic changes in the duodenum. Which of the following statements describes these cellular changes?

metaplasia is the replacement of one cell type by another

A laboratory report shows abnormal serum calcium levels. Which of the following tissues will the nurse need to evaluate, as these tissues are affected by abnormal calcium levels?

A:Parathyroid gland

B:Nervous system

C:Skeletal Muscle

D:Lungs

E:Cartilage

A, B, C

To accurately assess calcium levels, which additional laboratory value will the nurse also evaluate?

albumin

Nursing students are learning about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. They are amazed at is complexity, comment on the number of organs involved, and decide to make a list of these organs. Which of the following organs make their list?

A:Liver

B:Kidney

C:Spleen

D:Lungs

E:Pituitary

A, B, D

A nursing student believes that her patient has fluid excess and hypernatremia. Which of the patient’s signs and symptoms would support this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

A:Tachycardia

B:Plasma Na conc. of 150 mEq/L

C:Edema

D:Hypertension

E:High serum ADH

B, C, D

A patient is suffering fluid deficit and hyponatremia. Which of the following could the nurse consider to be possible causes? Select all that apply.

A:Cushing’s syndrome

B:Severe diarrhea

C:Burn

D:Renal loss

E:Adrenal insufficiency

B, C, D, E

A nurse sees the words “arginine vasopressin” written on a report. What term could she substitute in its place?

ADH

Which of the following patient presentations may increase the risk for edema? Select all that apply

A:A patient suffering from protein malnutrition

B:A patient suffering from liver failure

C:A patient suffering from heart failure

D:A patient suffering from dehydration

E:A patient with hyperalbuminemia

A, B, C

Metabolism of which of the following elements results in formation of free radicals?

oxygen

A drug is taken that blocks the sodium-potassium pump. Which of the following events is likely to occur?

increased intracellular sodium

Which values are elevated in respiratory acidosis? Select all that apply.

A:pH

B:CO2

C:H+

D:Renal excretion of H+

E:Renal reabsorption of bicarbonate

B, C, D, E

A nurse hears that a patient is demonstrating respiration changes in response to the metabolic acidosis the patient is experiencing. What does the nurse expect to see?

deep, labored breathing

granulomas

histological changes in which macrophages aggregate and transform to epithelial-like cells. formed during wound healing. are a common finding in tuberculosis.

A clinician is reviewing white blood cell (WBC) differential results. The clinician states that the patient must have an acute bacterial infection. Which of the following results did the clinician observe?

A: increase in neutrophil levels

B:increase in lymphocyte levels

C:increase in basophil levels

D:increase in monocyte levels

E:increase in polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell levels

A, E

A complication of Crohn’s disease, a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, is fistula formation. Because of this complication, what development may the nurse expect?

an abnormal connection between the bowel and other tissues