New Testament

Who is David (1000BC)

A young man chosen by God, who quickly rose to a prominent position in Israel

At the peak of David’s reign where did is empire dominate

Israel 

Built a temple

What king began with promise and righteousness but fell into temptations of the world

Had 7 wives that each wanted him to go to their church

Solomon

When did the two kingdoms come about

After the death of Solomon, Israel splits into the northern and southern kingdoms

The messianic hope. What were the Jews expecting

another king like David not a man of low status like Jesus

Dueturamity 18:15,18

a prophet like Moses

2 Samuel 7: 12-16

A king like David

Daniel 7:13-14

One like the son of man - this is also the one name Christ gives himself

Who led tie northern kingdoms into wickedness and lose favor with the lord

Ahab and Jezebel

Who believed in conquest with pain and torture and wanted everyone to fear them so they wouldn’t even try to fight back

The Assyrian Empir

How did the nOrthern Kingdom fall

Assyria conquered Israel in 722 BC ( the lost 10 tribes)

The lost 10 tribes

* As was their custom, Assyria removed the Israelite nobility, and ten tribes become lost
* “Lost” as lost their identity and need to be reminded of their inheritance 

Babylon and Judan 

* Babylon 586 BC burned jerusalem to the ground and the arch of the covenant is lost in history 
* Prophets of the BOM begin here by telling ppl to flee jerusalem bc Babylon is coming

Who takes over after Babylon and how do they treat the Jews

Persia, they don’t want to keep them in captivity and let them go home. 

Some jews believed that Cyrus the great was the messiah bc he delivered them from captivity

Who rebuilds the temple in 515 BC

Zerubbabel, one of the leaders of exile, Zerubbabel

Who is Ezra and what happens under his leadership

* a scribe
* Begins a period known as second temple Judaism 
* Accomplished by being separated from the world

Alexzander the Great and Hellenism

* In 300 BC a young greek named alexander decided to conquer the world 
* His plan to hellenize all his conquered people in order to instill unity and break down barriers 
* He begins calling himself the son of God after asking a priest if he is 

The greek “old testament”

Septuagint or LXX

what language is the new testament written in

greek

what happens after Alexander the greats death

EMire split in thress

Judah now in perilious position between Syria and Egypt bc Jews stuck in between Talmites and Selcucids

When Jews ask if Jesus will restore Israel what do they mean

If Jesus will give them back the land and power

What did Antiochus the forth do

Wanted to conquor Egypt

persecutes JEws

Jews split into dif groups

What is the MAccabean revolt

* Mattathias, a member of the Jewish Hasmonean fmaily, refuses to offer pagan sacrifice and together with his five sons stages an incredible revolt 
* Led by Jusad, one of Matthias son’, the Jews win and have independence for the first time in 400 years 

What is the festival of lights

* A rededication of the temple, one day's worth of oil burns for 8 days- Hanukkah  

What does Pompey the Great do

arrives in Jerusalem and puts an end to hasmonian power struggle

Romans ruled through local client king and largely allowed free religious practice

Who were the Zealots and what did they belive

* Zealots were political revolutionaries who grew more opposed to rome 
* After frequent revolts, Rome was forced to intervene in 66 AD 
* Largely agreed with Pharisaic beliefs, with the exception of submission to Roman rule 

Why was David so important to the memory of the Jews?

He overthrew Israel and the jew had freedom, this is what they expected the savior to be like 

Who ruled Judaea during Jesus’s lifetime?

Herod the great

What was the Israelite conception of the Messiah?

Like a superhero of great political and military power to set them free from literal bondage 

When and by whom was the Northern kingdom conquered?

Assyria conquered the North in 722 BC (the lost ten tribes) 

What do we call the people carried off in captivity from the Northern tribes?

The lost ten tribes of Isreal

When and by whom was the Southern kingdom conquered?

Babylon conquerors and burns down the Jerusalem in 586 BC

What was the mass-appeal popular culture of antiquity called?

Hellinization

Who was responsible for spreading Greek culture throughout the world?

Alexander the Great

What is the apocrypha?

* “things put away" or "things hidden”
* Group of books not classified by most christian branches as scripture but are helpful 

Who is Herod the Great?

* Antipater’s son Is named king of the jews by romans and becomes ruler of judea in 37 BC 
* Poor reputation today, completed many buildings projects, including expanding temple 
* Killed his sons bc he was afraid they would overthrow him 

What were the primary beliefs of the Pharisees?

* Although their name carries a negative connotation now, they were likely closer ti Jesu’s teachings than the other sects 
* They controlled the local synagogues 
* The “scribes: were the leaders and influential members 
* They believes that Holiness could exist outside the temple, leading to a hypersensitivity toward purity and impurity
* Moral purity- sin- atonement 
* Ritual purity- what causes impurity:  
* Skin disease 
* Bodily fluids (menstrual blood or seminal fluids) 
* corpse / dead bodies  

what is ritual purity

* Ritual purity- what causes impurity:  
* Skin disease 
* Bodily fluids (menstrual blood or seminal fluids) 
* corpse / dead bodies  

What were the primary beliefs of the Sadducees?

* Don’t follow the oral law
* Were in charge of the temple and large part aristocratic 
* Focused on Torah 
* Denied resurrection and immortality of the soul angered the Pharisees 
* Believe they have the true aronic priesthood 
* Ppl had to pay to use the temple so many resented them 
* In Jacobs mind the crucifixion falls on the Sadducees because they were practicing priestcrafts  

What texts were the Essenes responsible for?

The dead sea scrolls

Why are the Dead Sea Scrolls important?

* Before the dead sea scrolls the earliest copy of old testament scripture was from 1000 AD now we have one from 200 BC
* Up until the dead sea scroll 99% of the history of the jews were written by christians so for the first time we have the jewish mindset and ideas in their own words 
* What ppl during the time of jesus really believed not through the christian lense  

Why is it inaccurate to speak of Judaism at the time of Jesus?

* There were many different types of Judiasm 
* The jew circles the wagons once again and rabbinic Judaism is born 
* Following another revolt in 132 AD known as the Bar Kokhba revolt, Judea was consolidated into the state of Palestine 
* Not until 1948 would the kingdom of Israel gain its independence 
* They are all just descendants of the Pharisees bc the rest were wiped out or were apart of the zealots who committed mass suicide instead of becoming enslaved by Rome

How were the Samaritans different than the Jews?

* The Jews claimed that the samaritans were impure and unclean, a mixture of Jew and gentile blood which had merged following the Assyrian and Babylonian conquest
* Samaritans claimed to be true people of Israel and claimed a legitimate line of Aaron 
* Samaritain pentateuch 
* Monotheistic 
* Look forward to the Messiah “spiritual” called by them the Taheb 
* Reject all other Jewish scriptures and laws  

When and by whom was Jerusalem destroyed?

Under the roman general Titius, Rome attacked Jerasame and destroyed the city, including the temple, in 70 AD

What were the three requirements to become a Jew?

Ritually purified, circumcised, and living the law of Moses

What were the three elements of Jewish orthodoxy?

* Monotheism: belief in a single God (Jehovah)  
* Election: Idea that you are God’s chosen people 
* Eschatology: The end of time and what that will look like: Messiah will come and golden time will ensue, ppl will be judged, live on Earth  

What were the three elements of Jewish orthopraxy?

* Temple: where God dwells with his people on the Earth  
* Torah: The law ( 613 rules) 
* Priesthood: God’s authority given to the tribe of Levi (Arron) on the Earth

How many original manuscripts (autographs) still exist?

There are none

What language did Jesus and his followers speak?

Aramaic

What process is most responsible for the majority of errors in the New Testament manuscripts?

Transmission more than translation 

What is the Vulgate and who is responsible for it?

A Latin translation of the scriptures made by a scholar named Jerome who was asked to do it by the Pope in 382 AD

What was the first Bible printed in English?

Done by John Wycliffe in 1382 taken from the Vulgate

Why is the Tyndale Bible so important?

however, it was William Tyndale in 1525 who, working directly from Greek manuscript, published the very important Tyndale bible

Introduces new words such as Jehovah, Passover, scapegoat, and atonement

Why was the King James Bible printed?

* In an attempt to stop the madness of translation, kIng James 1 in 1604 called for a definitive English translation of teh bible 
* 54 scholars worked for 7 years to produce KJV 
* Roughly 90% of the KJV id lifted straight from Tyndale

How significant are the errors found in the King James Bible?

Some significance 

Who is Luke? Jew or Gentile? What is his occupation?

* Luke was a physician and companion of Paul
* He is a gentile   

What are the four themes of the Book of Acts?

* The geographic spread of the gospel throughout the world 
* The transition from a Jewish church to a Jewish Gentile church 
* The role of the Holy Ghost
*  A defense of Christianity 

How did historians typically write history, and how is Luke similar or different?

His is kind of scientific by explaining why things matter and why things happened 

He is kind of a reporter/ historian  

Who is Acts addressed to? 

Anyone who loves God

What does “passion” mean?

To suffer

What is the “forty-day ministry?”

6-week crash course on the KIngdom of Heaven with Jesus

How does D&C 98 help us better understand Acts 1:1-4?

* Phrases like terry in jerasame and wait for the father and in DC 98 we get the same language so it gives a connection to the endowment 
* 40 day ministry and temple have a connection

Who replaces Judas Iscariot as a member of the Twelve?

Matthias by Casting lots

What is the Day of Pentecost?

One of three holidays every Jewish male has to participate. Its 50 days after passover

What is symbolized by the “rush of wind” and “tongues of fire”?

These are the signs of the day of Pentecost 

Rush of Wind: breath of life 

Tongues of fire: sanctification/ Holy Ghost moment

Why does Peter quote Joel chapter 2?

What are the four parts of the Pentecostal package?

* Repent and be baptized 
* Get Remission of sins and the Holy Ghost 

Who is Barnabas?

What did it mean that the early church had “all things in common”? 

* Seems to be optional 
* Not the law of consecration type

What was the sin of Ananias and Sapphira?

Misrepresented what they gave

Who is Stephen?

Guy going to help the greek widows

What is the significance of his preaching in the synagogue of the libertines?

The libertines used to be slaves but are now freed

What was the statement made by Stephen that led to his death?

Says their temple is an idol who they worship, and they are arrogant for thinking they are the chosen ppl even tho they killed the prophets and the Messiah then says **he sees the Heavens open and Jesus and the right hand of God**

Who held the clothes of those who stoned Stephen?

Saul

What is the significance of the Ethiopian eunuch?

A circumcised male is in a weird place in Isreal. This foreshadows the mission of Paul

Who is Cornelius?

Roman guy who is a gentile who ends up becoming the first gentile convert to Christianity

What was the significance of Peter’s vision in Acts 10?

You can eat what you want; God made things clean

What were the four cultural markers of Judaism?

Circumcision, sabbath observance, purity regulations, and dietary restrictions

What was the name given to the earliest followers of Jesus?

Followers of the Way 

How was Paul a citizen of three worlds?

* Religiously he is a Jew 
* From the tribe of Benjamin, and named after the tribe’s most famous member (King Saul) 
* At an early age (probably in early teens), he traves to Jerusalem to study Gamaliel 
* He describes himself as a Pharisee 
* Would be well- versed in the Hebrew Bible and fluent in Arabic and Hebrew 
* A roman citizenship

What is the significance of the shift from “Saul” to “Paul?”

Saul was what he went by in Judeah and Paul is what he began to be called when he went on his mission to the gentiles 

What was Saul’s occupation prior to having a vision of Jesus?

He was a bounty hunter commissioned by the Jewish leaders to hunt down Christians 

Was Saul’s visionary experience a “conversion” in the modern sense?

Not really bc he is a Jew who worships Jehovah then he becomes a Jew who worships Jehavoah but realises Jesus is also Jehovah

What do we know about the decade or so after Paul’s vision?

Absolutely nothing

Who served as Paul’s first missionary companion?

Barnaibus

Where did Paul go on his first mission? When did it happen? What was the center of the mission?

* Date: 47 ad- 48 ad 
* Center: Antichoc 
* Epistles: Galatians 
* Companion: Barnabas

What are the four parts of a Pauline epistle?

* Opening (sender, recipient, salutation) 
* Thanksgiving (mood of the author)
* Main Body 
* Pauline Indicative: encouragement and teaching 
* Pauline Imperative: Ethical and Moral advice/ admonition 
* Closing  

What is the problem in Galatia that Paul address in his letter?

Circumcision of gentiles

What does it mean that Paul calls himself an “apostle?

* It means something different in the ancient world, does not mean he was welcomed into the quarm of the twelve apostles 
* Apostle is like a missionary 

Why did Paul have a dispute with Peter?

What does Paul mean by faith?

Trust or confidence that Jesus can save me

What does Paul mean by works?

The Law of Moses

What does Paul mean by Grace?

unmerited and divine favor

What does Paul mean by Justification?

 to be in harmony with the law/ not guilty

What does Paul mean by Sanctification? 

To be made holy- not just to stop sinning but to lose desire to sin

Why does Paul use the image of the cross?

The cross as the tree of life

Who is James?

The brother of Jesus and leader of the judiasors 

What does James say faith and works are

* Faith= the talk 
* works= the walk

What is the verdict at the Council of Jerusalem?

* Circumcision is not a requirement to be a member of the church, but there will be other requirements 
* Abstain from food offered to idols 
* Abstain from sexual expressions of worship 
* Abstain from eating strangled foods
* Abstain from blood 

What is the advatage of James giving verdits?

he is a strict jew so appeals to them but is the brother of Jesus so appeals to them