Waves Target Concept

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What defines a wave?

A wave is a disturbance that travels through space and matter, transferring energy from one point to another without transferring matter.

What do waves transfer?

Waves transfer energy, information, and momentum.

What do waves NOT transfer?

Waves do not transfer mass or matter itself, only the energy associated with the wave.

What are transverse waves?

Transverse waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of travel.

What are longitudinal waves?

Longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the direction of travel.

What are surface waves?

Surface waves are a combination of transverse and longitudinal motions.

How do surface waves move?

Surface waves move in a circular motion.

How is amplitude related to wave energy?

Amplitude is directly proportional to wave energy; higher amplitude indicates more energy transfer.

How is frequency related to wave energy?

Frequency is also directly proportional to wave energy; higher frequency indicates more energy.

How do devices like turbines and generators use waves?

They utilize waves to convert wave energy into mechanical or electrical energy.

Do seismic waves travel faster in more dense rocks or less dense rocks?

Seismic waves travel faster in more dense rocks.

What happens to seismic waves at a boundary with denser material?

The refracted wave moves closer to 90 degrees (normal line).

Do sound waves travel faster in solids, liquids, or gases?

Sound waves travel fastest in solids, then liquids, and slowest in gases.

What happens to a refracted wave when it passes from air to liquid?

The refracted wave moves closer to 90 degrees (normal line) as it enters the denser medium.

What are the properties of light?

Light exhibits refraction, reflection, absorption, diffraction, and total internal reflection.

What happens to light when it moves from air to water?

It bends toward the normal line, indicating it slows down in a denser medium.

What does it mean when a refracted wave is bent upwards?

It indicates that it speeds up; bending down indicates slowing down.

What is total internal reflection?

It's the phenomenon that allows fiber optics to transfer information by transmitting light through flexible fibers.

What are the different forms of electromagnetic waves?

Different forms include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

What properties do electromagnetic waves share?

They all travel at light speed in a vacuum, and have wavelength and frequency.

What types of electromagnetic radiation do cell phones use?

Cell phones use microwaves and radio waves to transmit information.

What is needed for sound waves to move between objects?

Sound waves require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to transfer between objects.

What happens to sound in a vacuum?

Sound cannot travel in a vacuum because there are no particles to transmit the sound.

How does sound behave as it travels between mediums with different densities?

Sound can reflect, refract, and diffract, altering its speed and intensity.

What are analog signals?

Analog signals are continuous waves.

What are digital signals?

Digital signals are discrete and represented in binary form.

Which is more reliable, analog or digital signals?

Digital signals are generally more reliable due to their resistance to noise and degradation.

How is information represented in analog waves?

Analog waves are represented by smooth waveforms.

How is information represented in digital signals?

Digital signals are represented by square waves (1s and 0s).

How does information travel using digital signals?

Digital information travels by converting data into binary codes that are transmitted and processed by electronic devices.

What is the formula for wave speed?

Speed = frequency • wavelength.

Can you perform calculations using the wave speed formula?

Yes, one can perform calculations to determine wave speed given frequency and wavelength, or vice versa.