BIOLOGY - Cell structure

Organells of Animals (eukaryotic)

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria,

Organells of plant (eukaryotic)

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

Organelles of bacteria (prokaryotic)

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, cell wall, DNA loop, plasmids

Nucleus

Contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell

Cytoplasm

Where most chemical reactions take place

Cell membrane

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Ribosomes

Make protens, site of protein synthesis

Mitochondria

Where respiration takes place to release energy

Vacuole

contains cell sap

Cell wall

Strengthens and supports the cell

Chloroplast

Where photosynthesis takes place to make glucose

DNA loop

A loop of DNA not found in the nucleus

Plasmids

A small circle of DNA, may contain genes associated with antibiotic resistance

Magnification

How many times bigger a microscope makes an object

Resolution

Ability of a microscope to distinguish between 2 seperate points

Light microscope

Magnifies objects using light,

up to x1500

Electron microscope

Uses electrons,

up to x2000000

Greater magnification and resolution

Sperm cell

Acrosome contains enzyme to break into egg,

Tail to swim,

Many mitochondria to provide energy

Nerve cell

Long to transmit electrical impulses across a distance

Muscle cell

Protein fibres that contract when energy is available, making cells shorter

Root hair cell

Long extension for large SA for water and mineral absorption,

thin cell wall

Xylem cell

Dead cells,

no end walls so form continutous long hollow tubes,

strengthen by lignin

Phloem cell

Living cells without nuclei,

perforated end so cytoplasm connects 1 cell to the next,

rely of companion cells