Biology 1.1 and 1.2

Cells and Microorganisms (1.1) and Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes (1.2)

Living things

All living things are classified as organisms. Organisms are biotic

MRS GREN

M: movement

R: respiration

S: Sensitivity

G: growth

R: reproduction

E: excretion

N: nutrition

Cell theory

1. All organisms consistent of cells or products of cells

2. All cells come from pre existing cells by cell division process

3. Cells are building blocks of life.

Cellular organisms

Can be unicellular or multicellular. All cells have a cell membrane

6 kingdom classification

1. PLANTAE: multicellular, eukaryotic

2. ANIMALA: multicellular, eukaryotic

3. FUNGI: multicellular, eukaryotic

4. PROTISTA: multicellular and unicellular, eukaryotic

5. EUBACTERIA: unicellular, prokaryotic

6. ARCHAEBACTERIA: unicellular, prokaryotic

Theory of evolution: prokaryote

before nucleus, oldest type of cell

Theory of evolution: eukaryote

true nucleus, evolved from prokaryotes.

Prokaryotic cells

• no membrane-bound organelles

• no nucleus

• no mitochondria

• no chloroplast

• DNA is located in cytoplasam as a singular circular chromosome

• contains ribosomes

• small and simple

• Contains cell wall, capsule, pilus, flagellum, plasmids

Eukaryotic cells

• cells that contain membrane bound organelles

• more complex, specialised and larger

• DNA found in nucleus, packed in chromosomes

prokaryotic and eukaryotic similarities

• cytoplasm

• cell membrane

• ribosome

• chromosome