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One hormone causes a minimal response unless another hormone is present. What effect is observed in this case?
Permissive Effects
____ is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex and secretes hormones known as ____
Zona fasciculata, glucorticoids
____ is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex and secretes hormones known as ____
Zona glomerulosa, mineralocorticoids
Alpha cells produce what hormone?
Glucagon
Beta cells produce what hormone?
Insulin
What hormone is active during the post-absorptive state?
Glucagon
When the level of glucose is low, the pancreas releases ____
glucagon
How is oxygen transported through the body?
Attaches to hemoglobin
What is the function of the fibrinogen proteins in plasma?
They assist with blood clotting
What is the importance of secreting fibrinogen and not fibrin?
Prevents clotting when unnecessary
What type of leukocyte would be elevated in a patient with a parasite?
Eosinophils
What antigens would be found in the surface of a person with Type A- blood?
A antigens only
What antibodies would be found in the plasma of a person with Type A- blood?
anti-B Antibodies an anti-Rh factor antibodies
Blood from the pulmonary veins flows to what chamber?
Left atrium
The electrical shock in where begins an action potential in a heartbeat?
Sinoatrial Node
What structure directly connects the electrical shock in an action potential to the cardiac muscle cells?
Purkinje fibers
What part of the EKG is ventricular contraction?
ST wave
The semilunar valves are first pushed open during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
Ventricular Contraction
When the preload is increased, the heart’s stroke volume (increases/decreases)
Increases
What capillaries are found in the brain, lungs, muscles, and skin?
Continuous capillaries
Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure ______ water ______ the capillary.
pulls, into
Increasing the vessel length would (increase/decrease) resistance.
Increase
Where does the conducting zone end?
Terminal bronchiole
The contraction of what muscles assists in inspiration?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
Secretion assists with what in the lungs?
Prevention of lung collapse
The contraction of internal intercostal muscles occurs during what proccess?
Forced expiration
In systemic exchange, ____ enters the bloodstream and ____ leaves the bloodstream
In pulmonary exchange, ____ enters the bloodstream and ____ leaves the bloodstream
As tissue oxygen levels increase, the hemoglobin saturation level ____
decreases
During hyperventilation, the level of ___ in their bloodstream becomes too low
carbon dioxide
____ are only released during an active viral infection
Interferons
These adaptive immune cells kill virus-infected host cells
Cytotoxic T-cells
These innate immune cells kill virus-infected host cells
Natural killer cells
What part of the nephron absorbs water only when hormones activate it?
In comparison to plasma, urine is (iso, hypo, hyper)tonic when at the distal convoluted tubule
In comparison to plasma, urine is (iso, hypo, hyper)tonic when at the ascending loop of henle
What should be reabsorbed by the glomerulus?
Note 
Flashcard (33)