bio unit 6

promoter

tells RNA polymerase that genes are coming up and it needs to start reading

What biomolecule is DNA?

nucleic acid

Why is a TATA box efficient?

It only has double bonds and can be cut open more easily then C’s and G’s

Where do transcription factors bind?

Promoter

What binds to DNA before RNA polymerase?

Transcription factors

What happens when transcription factors bind to DNA?

DNA and transcription factors change shape

what biomolecules are transcription factors

proteins, usually enzymes

when tryptophan is present

operon is repressed

what is tryptophan on the trp operon

a corepressor

operon is made up of

promoter, operon, structural gene

do eukaryotes have operons

no

alternative splicing

different parts from the same gene make different proteins

why is alternative splicing useful

it conserves energy

enhancers

DNA folds so genes 1000’s of base pairs away can connect

sticky end

cut part of DNA which binds to another sticky end with a hydrogen bond

where are the short fragments of DNA

bottom of gel electrophoresis machine

PCR machine

man made replication

why is dna negative

phosphate backbone has a negative charge

plasmids

small segments of DNA able to implant into a cell and replicate inside

cell differentiation

determined mostly by methyl groups and transcription factors

DNA scissors

restriction enzymes

how many genes does the lac operon have

3

where does the repressor attach

operator

how many genes does the trp operon have

5

where are the regulatory genes

upstream of operator

are transcription factors general or specific

there are both; general is more abundant

what do regulatory genes do

start or stop rna polymerase

selective markers

visual indication that DNA has entered a cell