Studied by 4 peoplepromoter
tells RNA polymerase that genes are coming up and it needs to start reading
What biomolecule is DNA?
nucleic acid
Why is a TATA box efficient?
It only has double bonds and can be cut open more easily then C’s and G’s
Where do transcription factors bind?
Promoter
What binds to DNA before RNA polymerase?
Transcription factors
What happens when transcription factors bind to DNA?
DNA and transcription factors change shape
what biomolecules are transcription factors
proteins, usually enzymes
when tryptophan is present
operon is repressed
what is tryptophan on the trp operon
a corepressor
operon is made up of
promoter, operon, structural gene
do eukaryotes have operons
no
alternative splicing
different parts from the same gene make different proteins
why is alternative splicing useful
it conserves energy
enhancers
DNA folds so genes 1000’s of base pairs away can connect
sticky end
cut part of DNA which binds to another sticky end with a hydrogen bond
where are the short fragments of DNA
bottom of gel electrophoresis machine
PCR machine
man made replication
why is dna negative
phosphate backbone has a negative charge
plasmids
small segments of DNA able to implant into a cell and replicate inside
cell differentiation
determined mostly by methyl groups and transcription factors
DNA scissors
restriction enzymes
how many genes does the lac operon have
3
where does the repressor attach
operator
how many genes does the trp operon have
5
where are the regulatory genes
upstream of operator
are transcription factors general or specific
there are both; general is more abundant
what do regulatory genes do
start or stop rna polymerase
selective markers
visual indication that DNA has entered a cell
Note
Flashcard