What type of cells are eukaryotic cells?
Animal+Plant cells
What type of cell are prokaryotic cells?
Bacterial cells
What is an eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell?
A eukaryotic cell contains their genetic information (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus whereas prokaryotic cells contain their genetic information (DNA) not enclosed in a nucleus and are much smaller than eukaryotic cells but also lack membrane-bound organelles.
What do eukaryotes contain?
They contain a cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.
What do prokaryotes contain?
They contain a cell wall , cell membrane, cytoplasm, a single loop of DNA and plasmids.
What are plasmids?
Small rings of DNA in prokaryotes that can replicate and move between cells so genetic information can be shared
1 centimetre is…
1/100 of a metre
1 cm in standard form is…
1 × 10 to the power of -2 metre
1 millimetre is…
1/1000 of a metre
1mm in standard form is…
1 × 10 to the power of -3 metre
1 micrometre is…
1/1000000 of a metre
1um in standard form is…
1 × 10 to the power of -6
1 nanometre is…
1/000000000 of a metre
1 nm in standard form is…
1 × 10 to the power of -9
EXAMPLE: a fox is around 40cm long. A tick that's living on the fox is 0.4cm long. How much order of magnitude is the fox longer?
40/0.4= 100x (2 zeros) so 2 orders of magnitude.
What are animal cells?
They are eukaryotic cells that have genetic information (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus. Only found in animals and the greatest of all coffee lovers “effoc please!☕☕"
What do animal cells contain?
Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Cell membrane and cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Sites of protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Where aerobic respiration takes places
Cytoplasm
jelly-like substance where chemical reaction takes place
Cell membrane
Control what molecules go in and out the cell… too much can cause u to be insane in the membrane😅
Nucleus
encloses genetic information
What is found in a plant cell?
nucleus mitochondria ribosomes cell membrane cytoplasm chloroplasts cell wall vacuole
Cell wall
Made from cellulose. Protects and strengthens the cell.
Vacuole
Filled with cell sap. Gives plant its shape
chloroplast
contains chlorophyll (which makes plant green) and site of photosynthesis.
Differentiation
When a cell becomes specialised
Sperm cell
fertilises ovum. genetic info of ovum and sperm combine.
Adaptations of sperm
enzymes-allow to digest through the outer layer of ovum.
tail-allows to swim to ovum. steam-lined to make easier
mitochondria-provide energy for swimming
Nerve cell
Send electrical impulses around the body
Adaptation of nerve cells
Dendrites-increase surface area so other nerve cell connect easily.
axon-carries electrical impulses from one part of body to another.
mylenin- insulates axon and speeds up transmission of nerve impulses
synapses-allows impulses to pass to eachother
Muscle cell
Contracts as protein fibres change the length of cell. Full of mitochondria to provide energy for contractions.
Root hair cells
Increase surface area of the root so it can absorb water and dissolved minerals more effectively. no chloroplast(underground)
Xylem cells
Fount in stem of plant and carry water and dissolved minerals from root to the leaves.
Lignin
Keeps water from leaving plant