Biology mock~ cell biology

What type of cells are eukaryotic cells?

Animal+Plant cells

What type of cell are prokaryotic cells?

Bacterial cells

What is an eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell?

A eukaryotic cell contains their genetic information (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus whereas prokaryotic cells contain their genetic information (DNA) not enclosed in a nucleus and are much smaller than eukaryotic cells but also lack membrane-bound organelles.

What do eukaryotes contain?

They contain a cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm.

What do prokaryotes contain?

They contain a cell wall , cell membrane, cytoplasm, a single loop of DNA and plasmids.

What are plasmids?

Small rings of DNA in prokaryotes that can replicate and move between cells so genetic information can be shared

1 centimetre is…

1/100 of a metre

1 cm in standard form is…

1 × 10 to the power of -2 metre

1 millimetre is…

1/1000 of a metre

1mm in standard form is…

1 × 10 to the power of -3 metre

1 micrometre is…

1/1000000 of a metre

1um in standard form is…

1 × 10 to the power of -6

1 nanometre is…

1/000000000 of a metre

1 nm in standard form is…

1 × 10 to the power of -9

EXAMPLE: a fox is around 40cm long. A tick that's living on the fox is 0.4cm long. How much order of magnitude is the fox longer?

40/0.4= 100x (2 zeros) so 2 orders of magnitude.

What are animal cells?

They are eukaryotic cells that have genetic information (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus. Only found in animals and the greatest of all coffee lovers “effoc please!☕☕"

What do animal cells contain?

Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Cell membrane and cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis

Mitochondria

Where aerobic respiration takes places

Cytoplasm

jelly-like substance where chemical reaction takes place

Cell membrane

Control what molecules go in and out the cell… too much can cause u to be insane in the membrane😅

Nucleus

encloses genetic information

What is found in a plant cell?

nucleus mitochondria ribosomes cell membrane cytoplasm chloroplasts cell wall vacuole

Cell wall

Made from cellulose. Protects and strengthens the cell.

Vacuole

Filled with cell sap. Gives plant its shape

chloroplast

contains chlorophyll (which makes plant green) and site of photosynthesis.

Differentiation

When a cell becomes specialised

Sperm cell

fertilises ovum. genetic info of ovum and sperm combine.

Adaptations of sperm

enzymes-allow to digest through the outer layer of ovum.

tail-allows to swim to ovum. steam-lined to make easier

mitochondria-provide energy for swimming

Nerve cell

Send electrical impulses around the body

Adaptation of nerve cells

Dendrites-increase surface area so other nerve cell connect easily.

axon-carries electrical impulses from one part of body to another.

mylenin- insulates axon and speeds up transmission of nerve impulses

synapses-allows impulses to pass to eachother

Muscle cell

Contracts as protein fibres change the length of cell. Full of mitochondria to provide energy for contractions.

Root hair cells

Increase surface area of the root so it can absorb water and dissolved minerals more effectively. no chloroplast(underground)

Xylem cells

Fount in stem of plant and carry water and dissolved minerals from root to the leaves.

Lignin

Keeps water from leaving plant