Civ Islam Quiz

Useary

Taxes on loans

Hijra

Muhammad’s escape from Mecca to Medina

Ka’bah

religious site in Islam where Muslims face during prayer

Abu Bakr

First caliph. Successful at keeping the various tribes in Arabia under Muslim control and wins a civil war that arises from infighting amoungst different Muslim clans. Only served for two years.

Badawah

Grim lifestyle with too many people competing for too little resources. (nomadic life)

Second type of Bedouins compared to nomads

Those who settled near oasis

Glazu

Raid to acquire resources

Muruwah

Code of Arabs

Karim

One who is generous hero

Hasah

meaning ancestral honor

Sheikh

leader of the tribe

Islam

submission to will of god as explained by Muhammad (the faith)

Muslim

is one who has submitted (one who practices faith)

Qu’ran

The teachings of Muhammad are recorded here. Written after his death by followers. Accepts Jesus as messiah but not as son of god.

Caliph

meaning “gods deputy” a political or spiritual leader of the Muslim community.

Caliphate

Government under caliph

Umar

Second Caliph. Spreads Islam through what is today the Middle East. He conquers the fertile crescent along with Sassanid and Byzantine areas.

Ali

Fourth Caliph. Passed over for first three because too young. Starts civil war for not trying to find murderers of Uthman

Uthman

Third Caliph. Commissions writing of Qu’ran. Appoints deputies based on their family relationship to him (nepotism). Rivals that fear such appointments will lead to a Caliphate dynasty assassinating him.

Battle of Chains, Qadisaya, and Yarmuk

Muslims win despite being outnumbered. First two against Persians third against Byzantines.

Dhimmis

Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians tolerated by the Muslim political authority in exchange for tax payments

Jizya

wealth tax on non-muslims in muslim controlled territories

Kharaj

land tax on non-muslims in muslim controlled territories

Vizier

a bureaucratic official who administers for the caliph

Imam

title given to one with religious authority

Mamluks

slaves who converted to Islam and train as professional soldiers who could serve as part of a private army for caliphs.