unit 13 - new monarchies

powerful king

weakens the nobility

powerful nobility

weakens the king

if the king is strong, then

there is centralized power in his kingdom

if the king is weak, then

there is not centralized power in his kingdom

effects of the 100 years’ war on france?

drastically depopulated, commercially ruined, and agriculturally weak

what did Charles VII of France do to centralize power in France?

reconciled the Burgundians and Armagnacs who’d been at civil war for 30 years, had French armies expel the English from French land (besides Calais), reorganized the royal council and strengthened royal finances through taxes, establish the first permanent royal army

Gabelle

salt tax

Taille

land tax

What did Louis XI do to centralize power in France?

improved Charles VII’s army and used it to control the nobles’ separate militias and curb urban independence.

When was the French army deployed with Louis XI?

when he conquered Burgundy and three years later when the house of Anjou fell bringing him the countries of Anjou, Bar, Maine, and Provence.

What four countries did Louis XI obtain with the fall of the house of Anjou?

Anjou, Bar, Maine, and Provence.

What other event added more land to France?

The marriage of Louis XII and Anne of Brittany added the Duchy of Brittany to the state’s territory.

Concordat of Bologna

approved the pope’s right to receive the first year’s income of new bishops and abbots. in return, the pope recognized the French ruler’s right to select French Bishops and abbots.

who agreed on the Concordat of Bologna

Pope Leo X and King Francis I

War of the roses

civil war in england between 1455 and 1471 when the houses of York and Lancaster fought. the Yorkists wore a white rose, while the Lancastrians wore a red rose. The house of york won.

how did Henry VII of England increase the power of the English Monarchy?

conducted foreign policy on the basis of diplomacy, that avoided expensive wars, made most of his advisers small landowners and urban residents that were trained in law, married his son Arthur to Catherine of Aragon who was daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain, dealt with aristocratic threats using the Court of Star Chamber

the court of star chamber

called this for the stars painted on the ceiling. was a judicial offshoot that dealt with aristocratic threats by using unpleasant methods. accused persons weren’t permitted to see evidence against them, no jury was called, and sometimes used to extract information. ran directly counter to english common law precedents but effectively reduced aristocratic troublemaking.

what were the effects of the war of the roses?

hurt trade, agriculture, and domestic industry; under Henry VI, the monarchy was the weakest it had been in centuries

what is a cause of the war of the roses

Conflict between the Houses of Lancaster and York for control of the English throne from 1455-1471. Sparked by a power struggle, weak leadership, and disputed inheritance.

usually, a child inherits his

father’s name

when a woman marries, she usually

keeps her father’s house name

what were the major and minor kingdoms in Spain

Aragon and Castile dominated Portugal, Granada and Navarre

dynastic union

different states become governed under the same dynasty but keep distinct laws, boundaries, motives, etc.

politcal union

a form of integration where multiple sovereign states come together to form a single entity with a shared political structure. Involves the transfer of political power and decision-making authority from individual states to a central governing body.

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain consolidate power

curbed aristocratic power by excluding high nobles from the royal court that had full executive legislative and judicial power, secured right to appoint bishops in spain and the hispanic territories in america which enabled them to establish the equivalent of a national church, expanded their territory, recruited men trained in roman law, which exhalled the power of the crown