unit 1 - id terms

paris peace treaties

paris peace treaties

peace treaties between the allied powers (great britain, usa, soviet union) and other countries including germany, austria, hungary, bulgaria and turkey

treaty of versailles

germany’s treaty, placed war-guilt on them and set reparations and territory loss

treaty of st. germain

austria’s treaty, broke apart the kingdom of austria-hungary

treaty of neuilly

bulgaria's treaty. set reparations and territory loss

treaty of trianin

hungary’s treaty, broke apart austria-hungary and set territory loss

treaty of sevres/lausanne

two treaties, turkey’s treaty.. broke apart the ottoman empire.. the only out of all paris peace treaties to be revised (two versions due to the revision)

1919

the year world war one ends

1923

the year germany suffers from hyperinflation, also the year the french and belgians invade the ruhr

1929

the year the usa stock market crashes and start of great depression, stresemann died which causes a shift in german politics

woodrow wilson

idealistic president of the usa, wants to create world order based on 14 points

usa aims at paris conference

• minimal reparations

• world disarmament

• using plebiscites to divide territory

david lloyd george

prime minister of gb, pragmatic and wanted to rebuild germany as a trade partner

uk aims are paris conference

reasonable reparations, limit military (esp. navy,) but allow for french protection

georges clemenceau

aggressive, french politicna, wanted to crush germany

french aims at the paris conference

maximum reparations and to dismantle the german military, give german territory to france

14 points

drafted by wilson, used for peace negotiations to end world war one.. exactly 14 points

league of nations

proposed in wilson’s 14 points, first agreement that an organization of many countries would work to promote peace

seld-determination

idea can choose its own form of government including international status

reparations

payments made by a defeated country to pay for victor’s war expenses

plebiscite

all voters od an area vote to accept or reject a certain issue

war guilt

taking blame for causing a war

disarmament

limit weapons and militaries in order to reduce a possibility of war

saar

most industrialized and coal-rich area of germany, france wanted this land as compensation for the war

colonies

germany lost its colonies as reparations

rhineland

germany had this area demilitarized

alsace-lorraine

a french area which germany had to take its troops out of

polish corridor

divided mainland germany and east prussia, cutting off germany’s port

anschluss

banned for germany and austria, they couldnt unite with one another

danzig

the port at the polish corridor which was meant for everyone to use

east prussia, divided by

divided by the polish corridor, wasnt connected to mainland germany

TRAWL

T: TERRITORY

R: REPARATIONS

A: ARMS

W: WAR GUILT

L: LEAGUE OF NATIONS

spartacists

attempted to overthrow the new german republic, hated the friekorps, left wing, communists

Freikorps

armed paramilitary units of ex-soldiers, nationalists, hated communists and spartacists

kapp putsch

friekorps attempt to overthrow german government led by wolfgang kapp due to resentment of the treaty of versailles.. this was a failed attempt

munich beer hall putsch

attempted by the nazis (ultra nationalist) led by adolf hitler, failed attempt which led to hitler and ludendorff arrests

conscription

military drafting mandatory

ruhr crisis

since germany wanted a pause on paying their reparations, the french invaded the ruhr and took control in anger because of it

passive resistance

resisting by not participating, usually through refusing to work, shop, or be provoked

hyperinflation

since germany needed to support its citizens, they printed a lot of money which caused hyperinflation

reichsmark

the new german currency and placed on gold standard

stresemann

appointed foreign minister and worked to negotiate

dawes plan