PerDev 2Q L1-L2 -Part 1

Relationships and Social Influence

Socialization

Lifelong process during which adolescents learn about social expectations and how to interact with other people

Social Influencers

Family, schools, peers, and media

Sources of Social Influences

Social institutions, interactions with other people, individual socialization

Social Influence

Phenomenon that occurs when the efforts of others induces an effect on the attitudes and behaviors of other people

Robert Cialdini

He formulated the theory of influence through a series of experimental studies

Immersion

Cialdini involved himself with people particularly skilled in convincing and influencing other people

Reciprocity or Mutuality

People tend to return a favor and treat other people the way they are treated

Commitment, Obligation, and Consistency

People have a deep desire to be consistent and they are inclined to stick with something once a commitment is made

Social Proof or Shared Evidence

People will do what others are doing as they feel “safe” performing tasks that they find other people doing and are more likely to be influenced by this when they are uncertain of some things

Authority or Power

People feel a sense of duty or obligation to follow orders from an authority figure.

Liking or fondness

People are more likely to be influenced or persuaded by the individuals they like, familiar with, or like them

Scarcity or Inadequacy

People are more likely to get attracted to things with limited availability

Teenage Friendships

One of the hallmarks of adolescence and an essential element of teenage development

Acquaintances, Companions, and Intimates

Enumerate the types of friendships

Interpersonal Attraction

Forces or elements that make people like each other; may take the form of liking, friendship, infatuation, love; chemistry part of love

Infatuation

Emotional impulse of love and untested by time or circumstance

Love

Set of thoughts, feelings, and actions associated with a desire or maintain a close relationship with a specific person

Biblical

Love is patient, is kind, it does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud, it is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no records of wrongs, it never fails

Scientific

Love is a powerful drive that excites the brain and sets a neurological condition

Lust

Driven by sex hormones

Attraction

The neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are released

Dopamine

pleasure hormone

Serotonin

happy hormone

Norepinephrine

adrenaline hormone

Attachment

Deeper relationships are formed

Oxytocin

The love hormone released in the attachment stage

Philosophical

According to this definition of love, there are 4 types of love with their each corresponding meaning and depth

Philia

Love for friends

Eros

Romantic, passionate, and sexual love

Storge

Familial love

Agape

Unconditional love

Psychological

Makes use of the triangular theory of love to define different types of love

Robert Sternberg

Proposed the Triangular Theory of Love

Intimacy

Closeness

Passion

Romance

Commitment

Willingness to stay

Companionate

Intimacy and Commitment, given to friends and family

Empty Love

Commitment alone, staying in a relationship because of other reasons other than love

Fatuous

Passion and commitment, Relationships with no connection

Infatuation

Short-term attraction

Romantic

Intimacy and Passion, romantic and passionate without commitment

Consummate

AKA complete love; romantic, passionate, affectionate, and a committed relationship

Steinberg

Proposed 3 Phases of a Romantic Relationship

Dating

Usually absent in romantic relationships as it is rushed to the commitment stage

Equity Principles of Attraction

The outcome people receive from a relationship is proportional to what they each put into it

Disclosure Reciprocity Effect

Tendency to match the self-disclosure of one’s partner