Stage 1 instrument

what are the instruments are apart of the pitot static system

airspeed indicator

VSI

Altimeter

What are the two fundamental properties of a gyroscope used in flight instruments?

Rigidity in Space (resisting change) and Precession (force felt 90° ahead in rotation)

If the Static Port freezes, how will the Altimeter behave?

It will freeze at the altitude where the blockage occurred.

In a "Glass Cockpit," what replaces the traditional mechanical gyros?

AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System) and ADC (Air Data Computer).

What acronym is used for required aircraft documents?

ARROW (Airworthiness, Registration, Radio Station License [int'l], Operating Handbook/POH, Weight & Balance).

To act as PIC under IFR, what are the 6-6-H-I-T currency requirements?

Within the preceding 6 calendar months: 6 instrument approaches, Holding procedures, Intercepting and Tracking courses.

If your IFR currency expires, how long is the "grace period" before you need an IPC?

6 months. During this window, you can get current with a safety pilot in simulated IMC.

After 12 months total of non-currency what is required?

an Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC) is required

What is the limitation for a Commercial Pilot without an instrument rating?

No carriage of passengers for hire on cross-country flights over 50 NM, and no carriage of passengers for hire at night.

Your pitot tube is blocked by ice, but the drain hole is still open. What will your Airspeed Indicator (ASI) show?

Zero (With the ram air inlet blocked and the drain hole open, the pressure inside the ASI diaphragm escapes)

Both the pitot tube AND the drain hole are blocked. You are in a constant-speed climb. What happens to the ASI?

It will act like an Altimeter (speed will lower as you descend and raise as you climb)

Which instrument uses both Pitot and Static air and how does it work?

The Airspeed Indicator (ASI). Takes in ram pressure through diaphragm and compares it to static to get dynamic pressure(speed)

What is the internal component of an sensitive Altimeter and what is it filled with?

Aneroid Wafers usually filled with a changeable pressure

How does the Altimeter react to a climb?

Static pressure in the case decreases, causing the aneroid wafers to expand, which moves the needles higher.

What is the 'Calibrated Leak' in a VSI?

A tiny, metered hole that allows static pressure in the instrument case to change more slowly than the pressure in the diaphragm.

what does the Air Data Computer provide (ADC)

OAT

Airspeed

Altitude

Vertical speed

What does Attitude and Heading Reference System(AHRS) provide

Attitude

rate of turn

slip/skid

what does the magnetometer provide

heading

what are the three gyroscopic instruments

attitude indicator

heading indicator

turn coordinator

how do each of the gyroscopic instruments work

attitude indicator- Uses a horizontally mounted gyro so the gyro stays rigid in space while the aircraft moves around it.

heading indicator - Uses a horizontally spinning(wheel) gyro and the Gyro rigidity lets it point in a constant direction

turn coordinator- Gyro is canted ~30° and Detects roll rate AND yaw. Precession moves the miniature airplane in the direction of turn

what is the required instruments for vfr flight? ATOMS² Fleaf

Altimeter

Airspeed indicator

Temp gauge

Tachometer

Oil temp gauge

Oil pressure gauge

Manifold pressure gauge

Magnetic compass

Shoulder harness

Seatbelt

Fuel gauge

Landing light

ELT

Anti collision light

Flotation device

What are the required instruments for VFR flight at night? ATOM² FLEAF (FLAPS)

Fuses

Landing light

Ant collision light

Position light

Source of electricity

what is the minimum required equipment for IFR flight? GRABCARD

Generator

Radios

Altimeter

Ball/inclinometer

Clock

Attitude indicator

Rate of turn indicator

Directional gyro

what are the primary flight controls?

Rudder

Elevator

Ailerons

what are the secondary flight controls

Flaps and trim

Name the flight controls that controls pitch

elevator

Name the flight controls that controls yaw

rudder

Name the flight controls that controls roll

ailerons

what are the two instrument scans

Hubs and spoke scan

Race track scan

what are the three instrument errors while scanning

fixation

emission

emphasis

To act as a PIC under IFR what currency limitations do you have? 66 HIT

6 months to get current

6 approaches involving

Holding pattern

Intercepting and Tracking course using NAV system

if you do not get current for IFR in 6 months what happens?

you have a 6 month grace period where you will need a safety pilot who is licensed to fly plane (does not need to be IFR certified).

if you can not obtain currency by end of grace period what will you need?

A instrument proficiency check (IPC)

has to be done by DME of MEII

what are some privileges of obtaining a IFR certificate

File and fly IFR flight plans

Operate in IMC (inside clouds, low visibility)

Fly in Class A airspace

What are the IFR requirements for transponder and ADS-B?

Mode C transponder – altitude reporting in controlled airspace

ADS-B Out – mandatory in Class A, B, and C, and certain airspace

Required for ATC separation and situational awareness

ADS-B In provides traffic/weather info but not legally required

What actions should a pilot take during a G1000 failure?

Use backup instruments (standby ASI, altimeter, attitude)

Continue flight using partial panel procedures

Declare minimum safe altitudes and ATC assistance if necessary

what are the mandatory A/C inspections (GAAVIATES)

GPS- 28 days

air worthiness directives (IFR only)

Annual

VOR- 30 days

100 hours- for hire only

altimeter- 24 months

transponder- 24 months

ELT- 12 months

Static system- 24 months

what are the V speeds

VSO- 52

VS1- 53

VFE- 108 t/o 91 landing

VNO- 129

VNE- 178

Vy- 67

Vr- 59 (rotate)

Va- 108 (maneuvering)

Vref- 73 (landing)

Vg- 76 (glide)

what is the knob that controls the pressure in sensitive altimeter

colesman window

what is the difference between compass variation and deviation

compass variation is the natural angular difference between True North and Magnetic North and Deviation is an error in a specific compass caused by inside the plane

What is the primary function of a transponder?

To reply to ATC radar interrogations with aircraft identification and altitude information and squawk.

What is ADS-B Out?

A system that continuously broadcasts aircrafts GPS position, altitude, velocity, aircraft ID, and integrity data.

compass errors while turning (UNOS)

undershoot north overshoot south

what will happen to the compass when accelerating on a westernly or easternly heading

turn to the north

what will happen to the compass when decelerating on a westernly or easternly heading

turn towards the south