History - the first world war

Militarism

the opinions of people who believe that a country should use military forces to gain power and to achieve its goals.

Imperialism

the policy or act of extending a country's power into other territories or gaining control over another country's politics or economics.

Nationalism

extra loyal to ones nation

Socialists

a political system where property is controlled by government

Pacifists

war goes against their beliefs. will not fight

Allies

tripple Entente, comprised of France, Russia, and Britain, along with other nations that opposed the Central Powers during World War I.

Central Powers

triple alliance with Germany, A-H, and Italy

trench warfare

a type of combat where opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other, characterized by long stalemates and harsh conditions.

“no mans land”

the area between opposing trenches, often filled with obstacles and hazards, where soldiers risk their lives to advance.

Convoy system

a naval strategy used during World War I to protect merchant ships by grouping them together and escorting them with warships, reducing the risk of attacks from submarines.

Mechanized warfare

a form of warfare that uses modern technology, such as tanks, airplanes, and armored vehicles, to enhance combat effectiveness and mobility on the battlefield.

selective service act

a law enacted in 1917 that authorized the federal government to draft men into military service during World War I, ensuring sufficient troop levels for the war effort. 24 mil register, 3 mil drafted, 2 mil reach Europe, ¾ see combat

Conscientious objector

a person who refuses military service on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion, often due to moral or ethical beliefs.

lusitania

A british passenger ship suck by the German

Germans claimed it held ammunition on board

128 Am. killed

american public turns against Germany which causes ger. to pledge to restrict sub-warfare.

John J. Pershing

lead U.S. forces through Europe.

kaiser Wilhelm II

Overthrown German emperor

herbert hoover

headed the food administration. 31st president of the U.S.

Alvin York

Alvin York - killed 25 ger. helped capture 132 more. A conscientious objector.

woodrow wilson

U.S. presedent. created the fourteen points and fought to keep the league of nations.

Zimmerman note

a note from to Mexico from Germany promising return of territory if they attacked the U.S. It was intercepted by Br.

Franz Ferdinand

The archduke of Austria-Hungary, heir to the thrown.

Gavrilo Princip

Was a Serbian Black Hand. Assassinated Franz Ferdinand

This caused starvation in Germany

blockades started by Britain

U.S. used this to overcome U-boats

Convoy system

Britain viewed which country as a threat

Germany because of its industry and navy.

Country w/ fewest casualties

The U.S.

U.S women gained support for the right to …

vote

Countries that made up the “Big 4”

France, Britain, U.S., Italy

Which 2 Acts affected Americans’ free speech

Espionage and sedition acts of 1918

Why did U.S senators oppose the League of Nations

Felt that it would infringe on congress’s power to declare war.

One of the MAIN reasons so many countries joined the war

Growing Nationalism and promises of freedom

The policy that kept the U.S out of war for 3 years

strict and impartial neutrality

In the Treaty of Versailles, who could not maintain an army

Germany army was to be limited to 100,000 men

Main country U.S. traded w/ prior to 1917

Britian

Most important of the 14 Points according to Wilson

leauge of nations

3 weaknesses of the Versailles Treaty

disappointment and anger among certain countries, unresolved ethnic issues, and the weaknesses of the League of Nations

Ways immigrants, African Americans, and women were affected by the war

immigrants were treated much harsher. African Americans were free but still segrated, and women could vote.

Was est. in the U.S. to prevent strikes at factories

Taft-Hartley Act