Animal Reproduction and Life Cycles

Flashcards about animal mating systems, life cycles and reproduction examples, fungi life cycle and green algae.

Polyandry

One female controls/mates with several males.

External Fertilization

Fertilization occurs outside the animal, common in animals that cannot move around (requires water environment).

Internal Fertilization

Fertilization occurs inside the body of the female (by insemination/mating), some aquatic spp. but all terrestrial spp.

Sexual cannibalism

Female eats the male after they mate.

Oviparous

Female lays eggs that hatch outside the body.

Ovoviviparous

Young develop inside the mother, with nourishment from the egg yolk (female can hold the eggs inside her without providing additional nourishment).

Viviparous

Young develop inside the female and mother provides nourishment via placenta and blood.

Sexual selection

The differential ability of phenotypes to attract and obtain mates.

Imprinting

A form of learning in which an animal gains its sense of species identification.

Precocial baby birds

Baby birds are mobile and imprint soon after hatching by following the nearest adult.

Altricial baby birds

Baby birds are born helpless and require complete care.

Haplontic life cycle

Characterized by a very transient diploid stage (often only the zygote) and a dominant haploid stage.

Plasmogamy

The fusion of cytoplasm from two “parental” mycelia. Produces a dikaryotic cell (= cell with 2 haploid nuclei).

Dikaryotic cell

Cell with 2 haploid nuclei

Karyogamy

The two different parental nuclei fuse now producing a diploid zygote.

Sporangia

Organs that produce haploid spores via meiosis.

Gametangia

Organs that produce haploid gametes via mitosis.

Antheridia

Male gametangia

Archegonia

Female gametangia