iupui Yard anatomy exam 4

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88 Terms

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Central Nervous System

brain and spinal cord

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Motor

descending

efferent

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sensory

ascending

afferent

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association neurons (interneurons)

connection between sensory/motor info

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sciatic nerve

thickest nerve in body

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Epinerium

surrounds the entire nerve

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Perineurium

surrounds nerve fascicle

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Endoneurium

surrounds individual axons

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Myelin

lipid that wraps around axon to insulate whats inside(-) from whats outside(+)

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Neurolemma

membrane around neuron

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Perikaryon

cell body of a neuron

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ventral/anterior portion of you=

motor

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dorsal portion of you=

sensory

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grey matter

Does not contain a myelin

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Fissures

deep indentations

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Sulci

shallow indentations

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Gyri

lump

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white matter

myelinated axons

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peripheral nervous system

everything but the brain and spinal cord

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All nerves begin or end at the level of the

intervertebral foramina

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autonomic nervous system

branches off the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

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sympathetic nervous system

fight, flight, freeze

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Schwann cells in PNS produce

myelin

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Ependimal cells produce

cerebral spinal fluid

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Anterograde transmission

dendrites carrying info in

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retrograde transmission

for recycling within cell body

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spinal cord ends at

L1-L2

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Spinal nerves come down and enter/exit through the

anterior and posterior sacral foramina

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nerves are axons in the

peripheral nervous system

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central nervous system has

tracts, columns, and pathways

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grey matter is superficial to

white matter

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Axolemma

plasma membrane covering around axon

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somatic sensory receptors

skeletal muscles, joints, skin

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visceral sensory receptors

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands (organs)

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efferent division begins

inside the CNS and ends at an effector

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efferent division

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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Neuroglia

nerve glue, supports cells

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dendritic spines form

neural nets, they store info

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microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes

found in CNS

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Schwann cells and satellite cells

found in PNS

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Microglia

macrophage, perform phagocytosis

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Astrocytes

maintain blood brain barrier

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Oligodendrocytes

produce myelin in CNS

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Schwann cells

produce myelin in PNS

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satillite cells

maintain environment in PNS

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Exteroceptors

external environment info (touch, temp, smell, etc.)

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Proprioceptors

internal receptors (position and movement of muscles and joints)

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Interoceptors

internal environment (digestive, cardiovascular, other systems)

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medullary cone (conus medullaris)

tip of spinal cord

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filum terminale

fibrous extension of the pia mater; anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

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Meningeal layers

(superficial to deep)

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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pia mater

Innermost layer of the meninges (soft)

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arachnoid mater

middle layer of the meninges (web-like)

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dura mater

Outermost layer of the meninges (tough)

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denticulate ligaments

extensions of pia mater that secure cord to dura mater

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commisures connect..

left to right

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spinal nerves are...

Mixed (both sensory and motor)

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anterior grey horn

motor

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posterior grey horn

sensory

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brachial plexus

Really Tired Drink Coffee Now

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Nerves

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most lateral nerve of the brachial plexus

musculocutaneous nerve

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most medial nerve of the brachial plexus

ulnar nerve

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the sciatic nerve exits through the

inferior border of the piriformis muscle

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lateral sulcus separates

temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes

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longitudinal fissure separates

right and left hemispheres

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precentral gyrus

primary motor cortex

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postcentral gyrus

primary sensory cortex

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Hippocampus

learning and memory

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Amygalda

sex, fear, and agression

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corpus callosum

white commisure of the brain

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singula gyrus

emotional cortex

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Thalamus

relay center for all info coming in; except smell

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midbrain area

mesencephalon

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pons and cerebellum

metencephalon

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Medulla

myelincephalon

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Hypothalamus

satiety

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choroid plexus

contains ependymal cells, which produce CSF

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cerebral aqueduct

connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

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corpora quadrigemina

contains superior and inferior colliculi; for visual and auditory reflex

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Diencephalon

between brain

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Telencephalon

cerebrum

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third ventricle

if brain is cut in half, you destroy it. If you poke through either side you're in the thalamic nuclei.

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To get to ventricles you cut through...

septum pellucidum, midsagittal cut

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superior sagittal sinus

attached to crista galli

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subarachnoid space

contains cerebrospinal fluid

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CSF is absorbed into

venous system

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Anastosmosis

alternate blood flow route

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collicular reflex

pure survival