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Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord
Motor
descending
efferent
sensory
ascending
afferent
association neurons (interneurons)
connection between sensory/motor info
sciatic nerve
thickest nerve in body
Epinerium
surrounds the entire nerve
Perineurium
surrounds nerve fascicle
Endoneurium
surrounds individual axons
Myelin
lipid that wraps around axon to insulate whats inside(-) from whats outside(+)
Neurolemma
membrane around neuron
Perikaryon
cell body of a neuron
ventral/anterior portion of you=
motor
dorsal portion of you=
sensory
grey matter
Does not contain a myelin
Fissures
deep indentations
Sulci
shallow indentations
Gyri
lump
white matter
myelinated axons
peripheral nervous system
everything but the brain and spinal cord
All nerves begin or end at the level of the
intervertebral foramina
autonomic nervous system
branches off the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
sympathetic nervous system
fight, flight, freeze
Schwann cells in PNS produce
myelin
Ependimal cells produce
cerebral spinal fluid
Anterograde transmission
dendrites carrying info in
retrograde transmission
for recycling within cell body
spinal cord ends at
L1-L2
Spinal nerves come down and enter/exit through the
anterior and posterior sacral foramina
nerves are axons in the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system has
tracts, columns, and pathways
grey matter is superficial to
white matter
Axolemma
plasma membrane covering around axon
somatic sensory receptors
skeletal muscles, joints, skin
visceral sensory receptors
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands (organs)
efferent division begins
inside the CNS and ends at an effector
efferent division
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Neuroglia
nerve glue, supports cells
dendritic spines form
neural nets, they store info
microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes
found in CNS
Schwann cells and satellite cells
found in PNS
Microglia
macrophage, perform phagocytosis
Astrocytes
maintain blood brain barrier
Oligodendrocytes
produce myelin in CNS
Schwann cells
produce myelin in PNS
satillite cells
maintain environment in PNS
Exteroceptors
external environment info (touch, temp, smell, etc.)
Proprioceptors
internal receptors (position and movement of muscles and joints)
Interoceptors
internal environment (digestive, cardiovascular, other systems)
medullary cone (conus medullaris)
tip of spinal cord
filum terminale
fibrous extension of the pia mater; anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx
Meningeal layers
(superficial to deep)
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
pia mater
Innermost layer of the meninges (soft)
arachnoid mater
middle layer of the meninges (web-like)
dura mater
Outermost layer of the meninges (tough)
denticulate ligaments
extensions of pia mater that secure cord to dura mater
commisures connect..
left to right
spinal nerves are...
Mixed (both sensory and motor)
anterior grey horn
motor
posterior grey horn
sensory
brachial plexus
Really Tired Drink Coffee Now
Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Nerves
most lateral nerve of the brachial plexus
musculocutaneous nerve
most medial nerve of the brachial plexus
ulnar nerve
the sciatic nerve exits through the
inferior border of the piriformis muscle
lateral sulcus separates
temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes
longitudinal fissure separates
right and left hemispheres
precentral gyrus
primary motor cortex
postcentral gyrus
primary sensory cortex
Hippocampus
learning and memory
Amygalda
sex, fear, and agression
corpus callosum
white commisure of the brain
singula gyrus
emotional cortex
Thalamus
relay center for all info coming in; except smell
midbrain area
mesencephalon
pons and cerebellum
metencephalon
Medulla
myelincephalon
Hypothalamus
satiety
choroid plexus
contains ependymal cells, which produce CSF
cerebral aqueduct
connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
corpora quadrigemina
contains superior and inferior colliculi; for visual and auditory reflex
Diencephalon
between brain
Telencephalon
cerebrum
third ventricle
if brain is cut in half, you destroy it. If you poke through either side you're in the thalamic nuclei.
To get to ventricles you cut through...
septum pellucidum, midsagittal cut
superior sagittal sinus
attached to crista galli
subarachnoid space
contains cerebrospinal fluid
CSF is absorbed into
venous system
Anastosmosis
alternate blood flow route
collicular reflex
pure survival