Anaerobic Training and Adaptations to Resistance Exercise

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from lecture notes on anaerobic training, acute and chronic adaptations to resistance training, neurological and muscular changes, endocrine responses, skeletal and metabolic changes, and factors influencing adaptations.

Anaerobic Training

Training that stresses the musculoskeletal, endocrine, immune, and cardiorespiratory systems, requiring progressive overload through manipulation of volume, intensity, and frequency.

Acute Responses

Changes in the body that occur during and shortly after exercise.

Chronic Adaptations

Changes that occur after repeated training bouts and persist long after the training session is over.

Motor Unit Recruitment (MUR)

The process of turning on more motor units to produce more force.

Rate Coding

Control of the motor unit firing rate, with faster rates producing more force.

Size Principle

Smaller units (low-threshold) are recruited first then the larger ones (High-threshold) next as the need for force output increases.

Anabolic Hormones

Hormones that promote growth, such as testosterone, growth hormone, insulin, and IGF-1.

Catabolic Hormones

Hormones that promote degradation to maintain blood glucose homeostasis, such as cortisol.

Mechanotransduction

The process that protein signals in muscles increase in response to resistance training.

Cocontraction (Coactivation)

Simultaneous activation of an agonist and antagonist during a motor task.

Muscle Hypertrophy

Increased muscle size (cross-sectional area and volume) in both type I and type II fibers.

Hyperplasia

Increase in the number of muscle fibers, which has not been conclusively shown to occur in humans.

Detraining

The adaptation that occurs when an individual stops training, leading to a regression toward the pre-program body.

Sarcopenia

Muscle mass loss due to age in sedentary individuals, starting as soon as 30.

Overtraining

When someone trains excessively resulting in staleness or general fatigue.

FFM

Fat free mass composed of muscle, bone, and connective tissue.

Specificity

The ability of the body to make adaptations that uniquely enhance performance in activities similar to the exercise.

Overreaching

Short periods of overwork followed by rest or reduced training to achieve benefits of a rebound.