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Last updated 7:36 AM on 3/6/25
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42 Terms
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Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
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IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
A measure of cognitive ability often assessed through intelligence tests.
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Achievement Tests
Tests that measure learned knowledge, such as school exams.
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Aptitude Tests
Tests that predict future performance, for example, the SAT and IQ tests.
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Normal Distribution
A bell curve where the average IQ score is 100, with most scores falling between 85 and 115.
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Reliability
The consistency of test results over time.
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Validity
The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
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Flynn Effect
The observed rising IQ scores over generations due to better education and nutrition.
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Stereotype Threat
Anxiety about confirming negative stereotypes that can lead to lower test performance.
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Giftedness
An IQ score above 130, where individuals often excel in specific areas.
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Intellectual Disability
An IQ score below 70, accompanied by difficulty in daily functioning.
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Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
The ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others.
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Spearman’s g-Factor Theory
The theory suggesting that intelligence has a general factor (g) that influences all cognitive abilities.
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Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities
The theory positing that intelligence consists of seven independent mental abilities.
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
The theory that intelligence is divided into distinct types, including linguistic and musical intelligence.
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Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
The theory that identifies three components of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.
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Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale
A test developed to measure cognitive ability to identify children needing academic support.
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Terman’s Stanford-Binet IQ Test
A standardized measure of intelligence that introduced the concept of IQ.
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Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory
The theory that personality is shaped by unconscious conflicts between the id, ego, and superego.
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Jung’s Analytical Psychology
The theory that includes the collective unconscious and archetypes.
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Adler’s Individual Psychology
The theory that personality is driven by overcoming inferiority and striving for superiority.
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
A theory that describes how humans progress through needs to reach self-actualization.
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Rogers’ Self-Concept Theory
The idea that a healthy personality develops when self-image aligns with ideal self.
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Eysenck’s Three-Factor Model
A model that identifies extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism as key factors in personality.
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Allport’s Trait Theory
The theory that identifies three types of traits: cardinal, central, and secondary.
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Personality
A unique set of consistent behavioral traits, thoughts, and emotional patterns within an individual.
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Objective Tests
Standardized personality assessments, such as the MMPI and Big Five Inventory.
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Projective Tests
Open-ended personality assessments, such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test.
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Personality Disorders
Enduring, inflexible personality traits that cause distress and dysfunction.
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Situationism
The perspective that behavior is influenced more by environment than by personality traits.
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Interactionism
The view that behavior is a result of the interaction between personality traits and situational factors.
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Self-Concept
The way we perceive ourselves.
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Self-Esteem
An evaluation of one's self-worth, often correlating with mental health.
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Barnum Effect
The tendency to accept vague personality descriptions as personally applicable.
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The theory that discomfort arises from holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors.
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Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
The theory that love consists of intimacy, commitment, and passion.
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Conformity Theory
The theory that individuals adjust their behavior to align with group norms.
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Obedience to Authority
The phenomenon where individuals comply with requests from authority figures.
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Stanford Prison Experiment
A study demonstrating how situational factors can influence behavior.
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Social Identity Theory
The theory stating that people define themselves by their group memberships.
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Bystander Effect
The phenomenon where the presence of others inhibits helping behavior in emergencies.
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Social Psychology
The study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts.
Flashcards (63)