Anatomy II: Chapter 22 pt 1

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

Which of the following is NOT a process of respiration?

Oxygenation of blood plasma.

What is the correct sequence of air passage in the respiratory system?

Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Lungs.

What is another function of the respiratory system besides gas exchange?

Olfaction and speech.

The nose functions to:

Provide an airway for respiration, Moisten and warm air, Filter and clean air

The small hairs inside the nose that filter air are called:

Vibrissae.

Which part of the nasal cavity contains smell receptors?

Olfactory mucosa.

The nasal conchae serve to:

Filter, heat, and moisten air.

Which structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?

Pharynx.

The pharynx is divided into how many regions?

3.

The larynx functions to:

Provide an open airway, Route food and air into proper channels, Produce sound

What is the 'guardian of the airways'?

Epiglottis.

Which cartilage forms the Adam’s apple?

Thyroid

What is the function of the true vocal cords?

Produce sound.

The trachea is also known as the:

Windpipe.

What structure keeps the trachea open?

C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings.

What condition occurs when the trachea's cilia are damaged, often due to smoking?

Smoker’s cough.

What is the name of the branching system of air passages in the lungs?

Bronchial tree.

The smallest airways in the lungs before reaching alveoli are called:

Bronchioles.

What happens to cartilage as airways get smaller?

It disappears.

Which part of the lung is the site of gas exchange?

Alveoli.

The thin structure allowing gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries is called:

Respiratory membrane.

What type of epithelium lines the alveoli?

Simple squamous.

What do alveolar macrophages do?

Keep alveoli sterile.

Surfactant is produced by:

Type II alveolar cells.

What is the function of surfactant?

Decrease surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse.

Which part of the lungs has the cardiac notch?

Left lung.

What is the outer membrane covering the lungs?

Parietal pleura.

What is pleurisy?

Inflammation of the pleura.

Which vessels supply oxygen-rich blood to lung tissue?

Bronchial arteries.

Which vessels carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs?

Pulmonary arteries.

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Assist in breathing by contracting and relaxing.

The pleural cavity is filled with:

Pleural fluid.