NADH, FADH

What is the purpose of catabolic reactions?

 Break down large molecules into smaller ones to release energy and recycle subunits.

 What is the main function of anabolic reactions?

Use subunits (monomers) to build larger macromolecules (polymers), requiring energy input.

What molecule holds energy in catabolic reactions?

 Energy is captured in molecules like NADH and FADH₂

Why are NADH and FADH₂ considered energy carriers?

They store energy in their C-H bonds, which can later be used in cellular processes.

Why are NADH and FADH₂ unstable?

They are relatively unstable and not suitable for long-term energy storage, as their energy must be quickly utilized.

How is energy stored in NADH?

Holds energy as high-energy electrons captured during redox reactions.

What type of reaction is associated with heat release?

Catabolic reactions release heat as energy is extracted from molecules.

What are examples of macromolecules created by anabolic reactions?

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

How is NADH converted back to NAD⁺?

Is oxidized (loses electrons) during processes like the electron transport chain.

What is the role of FADH₂ in metabolism?

Acts as an energy carrier by donating electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.