Role of Chloroplast and Mitochondria

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the role of chloroplasts and mitochondria in cellular processes, specifically photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Chloroplast

A membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Mitochondria

Organelles in cells responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.

Cellular Respiration

The metabolic process in which cells break down glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Anabolic Reaction

Biochemical pathways that consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones.

Catabolic Reaction

Biochemical pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.

Endosymbiosis

The theory that describes how prokaryotic cells ingested aerobic bacteria that became mitochondria, and cyanobacteria that became chloroplasts.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in cells, involved in energy transfer during biochemical reactions.

Glycolysis

The process occurring in the cytosol that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, yielding ATP.

Krebs Cycle

A series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria, producing ATP and electron carriers.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Stomata

Small pores on the leaf surface that regulate gas exchange in plants during photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment in chloroplasts responsible for absorbing light energy for photosynthesis.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

Anaerobic Respiration

A type of respiration that occurs without oxygen, producing less energy compared to aerobic respiration.