AP Human Geography Migration Unit

Vocabulary

Sun belt

Increase # of economic opportunities

An area of rapid economic & population growth that begin in the late 1960s

Economic PULL factors

Going to a place because of a job

Economic PUSH factors

No jobs

Political PULL factors

Opportunity for freedom, countries that encourage individual choice in education, career, and place of residence

Political PUSH factors

Don’t protect citizens

High unstable, Gov doing - things

Political instability, Human Trafficking, Slave Trade

Rust belt

An area of industrial decline that began around 1980 (economic push)

Environmental PUSH factors

Harsh climate, lack arable land, water (too little or too much), hurricanes, tornadoes, floods

Environmental PULL factors

attractive environment, mountains, seasides, lakes, warm climates (Florida, Arizona)

Demographic PUSH factors

Overpopulation/carrying capacity, lack of available resources

Demographic PULL factors

Woman pulled to an area with high male (can find a spouse)

Emigration

Moving out of a location

Immigration

Moving into a location

Return migration

Migrants going back or returning to their previous place of residence or origin

GDP

Money

Intervening obstacle (SPEED)

S - cultural diversity/not welcome

P - gov enact quota laws; passports/visas to migrate

E - travel cost to expensive

E - environmental obstacles

D - unbalanced gender ratio or over population

Social PUSH factors

Religious persecution, poor access to health care or education, lack of gender empowerment, high crime areas

Social PULL factors

Same ethnicity or religion, better schools/education, better health care, entertainment

intervening opportunity

nearby attractive location where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away

migration pull factors

attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants

migration push factors

factors that cause propped to be dissatisfied with their present location

rural-to-urban migration

younger, more educated, more adventurous, more risk taking

forced migration

migration caused by forced out of control, such as disasters, social conflicts, and development projects

intervening opportunity

nearby attractive location where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to intended destination

IDP

forced to migrate for similar reasons as refugee but had not migrated out of international borders

transhumance

phenomenon where herders and their livestock move seasonally between summer and winter pastures

malthusian theory

explains theories of population growth and decline

economic effect of more females becoming educated

economy improves, women go into business enter the workforce

women effects on mortality

better educated on hygiene, nutrition, seek medical treatment, and practice family planning

women’s affect on migration

more autonomy (freedom) more choice on where to migrate

net migration

the difference between # of immigrants and # of emigrants

guest worker

a person with temporary permission to work in another country

voluntary migration

migrate somewhere by choice, doing it willingly

transnational migration

migrants moved back and forth between home country and country they decided to migrate too.

step migration

migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger, more distant places

return migration

migrant returning back to their place of residence or origin

intervening obstacle

complications that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination

chain migration

when a migrant migrated to a new place causing their family members, friends, and others to move to the same place

malthusian crisis

exceeds carrying capacity which leads to war, famine, and disease

why didn’t Malthus theory work (food supply)

• preserve food (refrigerator)

• food supply grows faster then he thought

• new/better technology/mechanization

why didn’t Malthus theory work (population)

• antinatalist policy

• women are in workforce now

• we industrialized

• gender empowerment

• improved medical care

• high mortality rate

• low fertility rate

Malthus proposed solutions

(all negative)

• abortion

• delayed marriage

• celibacy

• birth control

semi periphery countries

• Brazil

• Argentina

• Mexico

• China

• India

periphery countries

• Zimbabwe

• Afghanistan

• Philippines

• Hungary

• Cuba

Core countries

• USA

• Canada

• Australia

• Denmark

• Finland

• Japan

• Germany

• UK

Asylum seeker

someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

refugee

someone who is forced to leave the country to avoid conflicts, violations of human rights, generalized violence

international migration

when moves are made across national borders

internal migration

migration within a countries national borders

inter regional migration

migration inside a region

ex: northeast to southeast

intra regional migration

region made inside a region

ex: northeast to northeast