Napoleon

How did Napoleon strengthen the French government and restore order?

He strengthened the French government and restored order by implementing strong leadership and reforms

What economic improvements did Napoleon make?

He improved the economy and encouraged new industries

How did Napoleon strengthen the French government and restore order?

He strengthened the French government and restored order by implementing strong leadership and reforms

What economic improvements did Napoleon make?

He improved the economy and encouraged new industries

How did Napoleon contribute to infrastructure and education?

He built roads and canals and supported public education

What rights did Napoleon grant to peasants regarding Church lands?

Peasants could legally keep the Church lands they had bought

How did Napoleon’s policies ensure career opportunities were based on ability?

Careers were opened to anyone with ability, rather than just those of noble birth

How did the Napoleonic Code affect family dynamics?

It gave men stronger authority over their families

What rights were taken away from women and illegitimate children under this code?

Women were deprived of individual rights, and illegitimate children had fewer rights

What legal rights were granted to all male citizens?

All male citizens were granted equal rights under the law and the right to religious dissent

What controversial decision did Napoleon make regarding slavery?

Slavery in the colonies was reinstated

What ideas did Napoleon spread across Europe?

The ideas of the French Revolution

What action did the French take against European monarchs?

They overthrew European monarchs and set up their own governments

How did Napoleon reduce the power of the Church?

He reduced the Church’s influence in political matters

What social system did Napoleon help to abolish?

He ended serfdom

How did many Europeans initially feel about the French Revolution's ideas?

Many Europeans welcomed the ideas of the French Revolution

Did Europeans accept French rulers along with these ideas?

No, they did not welcome the French rulers

What was one major factor that led to resistance against French rule?

Nationalism caused conquered people to reject French control

Which regions experienced rebellion against French rule?

People in Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands rebelled against the French

What was one territorial goal of the Napoleonic Wars?

To expand French territory and secure its borders

What revolutionary values did Napoleon want to spread?

Liberty, equality, and fraternity

What was the Napoleonic Code?

A set of legal reforms that introduced clear laws and equality before the law

How did Napoleon attempt to weaken Britain?

Through economic warfare, using the Continental System

What event marked the beginning of Napoleon's downfall?

The invasion of Russia in 1812

Was Napoleon's invasion of Russia successful?

No, it was a disaster

What was a major challenge faced by French soldiers in Russia?

Many soldiers died during the long Russian winter

Which countries allied to defeat Napoleon?

Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia

Where was Napoleon ultimately forced to go after his defeat in Leipzig?

He was forced to live on an island in the Mediterranean

When was Napoleon exiled after his abdication?

April 1814

What sovereignty was Napoleon granted?

Sovereignty over Elba

How many personal guards was Napoleon allowed to have?

600 men

What event led to European leaders meeting at the Congress of Vienna?

The defeat of Napoleon

What was the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?

To create peace after 25 years of war

What was one of the Congress' specific goals regarding Europe’s borders?

To return Europe to the way it was in 1792, before Napoleon

What did European leaders do to prevent France from going to war again?

They strengthened the countries around it

What did European state form to protect the new order?

A peacekeeping organization

How long did the peace last after the Congress of Vienna?

100 years

When was Napoleon exiled for the second time, after the Battle of Waterloo?

October 1815

Under whose surveillance did Napoleon live in his final exile?

The British governor

What were the conditions of Napoleon’s final exile?

He lived under strict surveillance with limited interaction with the population

When did Napoleon die?

May 5, 1821

What was the possible cause of Napoleon’s death?

Stomach cancer

How did Napoleon’s actions lead to the reshaping of European borders?

The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore balance and contain France

What was one of the ideological impacts of Napoleon’s rule?

The rise of nationalism, which stimulated people’s sense of shared identity and self-governance

What was one military impact of Napoleon’s rule?

Significant advancements in tactics and the concept of total war

What impact did Napoleon’s rule have on legal and political reforms?

It spread revolutionary ideals, including French legal reforms, challenging old regimes and governments